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Direct And Indirect Relationship With Mental Health

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There is some evidence that income has direct and indirect relationships with mental health. Humphries & van Doorslaer (2000) found that there is no direct relationship between income and mental health. They found some confounding factors that could affect the mental health. Other researchers Akhtar – Danesh and Landeen (2007), and Leray et al., (2011) found there is direct relationship of income and mental health. Therefore, in this section we will discuss factors that have direct and indirect relationship with mental health such as living necessities, income and policy. As well what effects they have on mental health of low income adults. Daily living necessities Food. Food is basic human needs and is one of the principal factor of determinants …show more content…

Housing is crucial factor because it provides with self-identity, expression (Mikkonen & Raphael, 2010) and it is the place where we spend most of our life (Bentley, Mason, Submanian &Kavanagh, 2011). The living cost in past 20 years has been increased in the cities. The renters spend about 30% of the total income for rent (Williams et al., 2012). But, it is higher in cities like Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal. One third of Canadians are renters of low income level and their rent increasing faster than their income of household. This cause many families and individuals without unsafe housing. There are increasing numbers of families who live in motels, shelters or on the streets (Mikkonen & Raphael, 2010) which can be really stressful and can cause poor mental health (Bentley et al., 2011). In addition, housing insecurity is linked to mental health because it creates stress and inability to cope with it (Mikkonen & Raphael, 2010). It can be due to neighbourhood where your live that relates to chronic stressor because of living instability and lack of money (McMullin & Davies, 2010). There are many factors that can lead to mental health problems related to housing. But without decent amount of income people cannot purchase healthy food and have safe housing. The next section will focus on income and mental …show more content…

Some of major companies in US and Canada in order to maximize shareholder profit move to other countries where labour is cheaper (Wyndham – West, Jan 11, 2018). The Electrolux corporation that was manufacturing refrigerators moved from United States to Michigan. Approximately 2,700 people in the US lost benefits, wages and unions. This had impact on people’s health including stress and anxiety. One of the representative of Electrolux company showed some sympathy to people who lost their job, however the company interested to make profit. This highlights the idea that we live in individualistic society which means people responsible for their own fate. Laws and public policies are implemented this way. This is neoliberalism ideology that not consider the lack of opportunities of people with low income and not pay attention to social and institution in their policy (Wyndham- West, Jan 11, 2018). The policy as WITB developed to help people with low income. But the range of the income is so narrow that it is not enough for people even to sustain healthy cognitive health. This was discussed in previous section that people below 30,000 have higher chance of depression. Further we will provide with recommendation for reduction poverty, WITB policies, the structure of the government need to be reshaped and more citzens need to be aware of income

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