Direct transmission vs indirect transmission: Direct transmission comes about when there is physical contact between an infected person and a susceptive person. Ex; Sexual transmitted is consider a direct transmission. When an affected person touches or exchanges body fluids an illness can be transmitted from person to person. Indirect contact transmission occurs when there is no contact between human to human. Ex; If a person has a cold and sneeze the germ can travel distances and suspended in the air for an extended period, this is considered Airborne transmission. Upon research it has been found that most health care workers spread the most infections because they do not wash their hands often enough and or do not wash them properly.
Indirect transmission of infectious organisms involves vehicles and vectors which carry disease agents from the source to the host.
It isn’t transmitted as an infectious disease. It’s based around the actual spreading of the disease its self and the areas of the body its spread to and the stage it’s currently at.
The spread of infection requires three elements. The first is; A source of infecting microorganisms: This could be an exogenous infection which arises from microorganisms external to the individual and do not exist as normal flora. They usually have a preferred portal of entry like the gastrointestinal for Salmonella. Another source is endogenous infections which can occur when part of the client’s flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results e.g. Yeasts infection. Second requirement is means of transmission for the microorganism, which also explains the three primary modes of pathogen transmission. For example, vertical transmission is when a pathogen is
The transmission of Gonorrhea is strictly direct contact, most commonly transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person. Transmission of this contagious sexual disease also includes having direct contact with infected bodily fluids. For example, a mother could pass on the infection to her newborn during childbirth. Gonorrhea is an infection of the reproductive system in either women or men. The invading pathogen enters the body through the spaces
Atul Gawande explains the single biggest problem facing hospitals in the spread of infection in his novel, Better. This is expressed in his conversation with the infection control team, where it is said that “their greatest difficulty is getting clinicians like me to do the one thing that consistently halts the spread of infection: wash our hands. (Gawande, 2007, 14)” He notes that diligence, one of his three core requirements for success in medicine, plays a huge role in enforcing a policy like handwashing. While everyone knows hand washing is important, especially in a hospital, letting health care professionals ignore the practice and make their own decisions about its criticality harms the whole population.
HIV is a virus that can lead to AIDS. Patients infected with HIV often shows no symptoms until the disease has progressed to AIDS. HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids, but cannot be transmitted through casual contact. Most commonly, HIV is transmitted through sexual contact. It may be transmitted through blood-to-blood contact, such as needle sharing or accidental needle sticks in a healthcare setting. It may also be transmitted during pregnancy or birth from mother to child. It cannot be transmitted through casual contact such as hugging, playing sports or touching something that was touched by someone infected (CDC, n.d).
Describe how pathogens can be spread at school through both direct and indirect contact. (4 Points)
Sharing and contact with articles such as jackets, hats, and bedding of the person who is infected.
Transmission: Whooping cough is transmitted via close personal contact, uncovered sneezes and coughing from infected people. Whooping cough is also transmitted through the droplets in the air and it can develop from the upper respiratory tract (including the nose, throat and windpipe) infections. Any individuals that are close to infected people may be exposed to
The three categories of Transmission-Based Precautions include: 1) Contact Precautions- this is the transmission that occurs with the physical of the infected patient or handling of a contaminated object in the infected patient’s room. Masks, gowns, and gloves as well as standard precautions must be used by health care providers when in the infected patient’s room. The only procedure that reduce the risk of spread of infections through direct or indirect contact. 2)
Healthcare associated infections have an impact on patients - how? Can be prevented greatly with compliance to hand hygiene protocols (REF).
The mode of transmission is droplet transmission. Droplet transmission occurs when someone who is unwell expels infected droplet particles by coughing, sneezing and or talking with a susceptible host. Droplet transmission can also occur when the infected droplets are expelled onto a common area and a susceptible host touches the same area then continues to rub their eyes or eat without carrying out proper hand hygiene beforehand. (Koutoukidis, Stainton & Hughson,
The main route of transmission is respiratory aerosol route, also by ingestion and cutaneous inoculation
Mechanical transmission is facilitated by a mechanical vector, an animal that carries a pathogen from one host to another without being infected itself. For example, a fly may land on fecal matter and later transmit bacteria from the feces to food that it lands on; a human eat-ing the food may then become infected by the bacteria, resulting in a case of diarrhea or dys-entery
SARS appears to spread by close person-to-person contact. It is thought that transmission is most readily occurred through respiratory droplets. These can be produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. These droplets are propelled through the air and are deposited on the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, or eyes of a person that is nearby. It is also possible that the virus can spread when a person touches a surface or object contaminated with infectious droplets and then touches their mouth, nose, or eyes. Furthermore, it is possible that SARS-CoV might be airborne spread or by other methods that are not yet known.