Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia as botanical name in the family of Cucurbitaceae) is a widely popular vegetable grown extensively in several parts of India and in countries like Africa, China, Caribean and Southeast asian regions(Cefalu et al,2008) and (Cousens, 2008).Bitter gourd is a herbaceous climbing annual with ridged stems that grows up to 5 metre long. The plant usually grows on trellis 180 cm in height and has a hairy stem with numerous branches and dense foliage. The main varieties of bitter gourd grown in India are Arka Harit, Priyanka, Pusa Do Mausmi, VK-1-Priya, Phule Green Gold, Priya, Preethi, Coimbatore Long, Phule Ujawala, Phule Priyanka and Pride of Gujarat. Priyanka is the widely cultivated variety in South Kerala (Balachandran, 2011). The average fruit yield varies from 8 to 10 t / ha (Baby joseph et al, 2013) and (Lee et al, 2009). Various plant diseases pose a great threat to the agricultural sector by reducing the life of …show more content…
Bitter gourd is a good source of vitamin A, B, C, E and K, carbohydrates, phosphorus, Ca, Fe, Mg and Na (Abascal et al, 2005). Bitter gourd fruit and leaves are being studied for their hypoglycaemic, blood sugar lowering properties and ability to treat diabetes mellitus. The caloric value for leaves, fruit and seed were 213.26, 241.66 and 176.61 Kcal/100g respectively (Baby joseph et al, 2013). An extract of the leaves has anti-viral, anti-microbial and anti-bacterial properties and also used in treating various diseases. The leaves are used for treatment of wide variety of ailments such as diabetes, dysentery, rheumatism and gout, viral diseases, respiratory ailments and effective for HIV Infection (Alis et al, 1988). There are various uses for bitter gourd plant. Fruits are used as vegetables, juice, pickles and creams. Leaves are used for herbal tea. Flowers are processed and marketed in cubes, flakes, strips, granules and powder
Heart 2 Heart farms has a program called the “Piglet Foster Program”. This organization allows families like us to foster a piglet for 5 weeks. City Pigs are the cutest addition to any home. We can provide our pig with a sweet home, food, and most importantly, love. In return, the piglet bestows a close family relationship and a strong bond that will last a lifetime.
Many bitter plants can contain helpful nutrients and can even be used for medicine. Both the sap from opium poppies and the bark of willows hold healing properties, but they are very bitter. Once it was discovered what they could do though, people were able to get past the bitterness.
vulgare shown to have significant antibacterial activity in vitro as compared to some standard antibiotics[53]. Butanol and aqueous fractions of F. vulgare fruit showed intermediate free radical scavenging activity in vitro[54]. A group of rat pretreated with aqueous extract of F. vul-gare shown to have suppressed ethanol-induced gastric lesions. Also, this extract significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant activity[70]. Administration of methanolic extract of F. vulgare fruit orally to mice has been shown to suppress Type 4 allergic reactions as well as acute and subacute inflammatory responses and also shown moderate centeral analgesic effect. In addition, it significantly enhance plasma antioxidant status while suppressing lipid peroxidation chain
Psychic abilities, luck, money. For courage, strength, and for avoiding legal problems. Worn or carried, it protects its bearer and draws good luck. Placed in a sachet of leather with silver, it brings money. Powdered galangal is burned to break spells and curses. It is also carried or sprinkled around the home to promote lust. Worn as a talisman, galangal aids psychic development and guards the bearer's health. A mild hallucinogen- eat about three inches of the root for this effect. Use caution with this plant.
Labels were first made for Intraspecific and Interspecific for each plastic pot measuring 6cm by 6cm by 8.5cm. There was 10 pots filled ¾ of the way full, with Sta-Green™-moisture mixture plus wood fertilizer, for each of the twenty groups. For intraspecific a control was set with one Brassica rapa seed directly in the center of the pot. Then 2 Brassica rapa seeds were placed together equal distances apart into two pots. In another two pots, four Brassica rapa seeds were placed together equally apart. The last two pots had 8 Brassica rapa seeds equally apart. The Brassica rapa seeds used in this experiment are Wisconsin Fast Plant™. For the interspecific groups,the plastic pots were the same as above and each filled ¾ full of the same potting
The African slave cultures in Suriname practiced the art of drinking bitter tonics, an African medicinal mixture used to enhance male sexual power and prevent disease by making the blood bitter. “The treatment of CBS often includes the use of medicinal plants...treating conditions with known plant species, which may be brought from the homeland or are also present in the new environment, and…adapting plant use and resorting to novel species in the new environment that may be similar to known species from the homeland” . In this article, a study was conducted comparing associated plant use to help cure ailments for the different African slave populations in Suriname.
The Renaissance period, also known as the time of “rebirth”, brought many new ideas from the early 14th to late 16th century. These ideas derived from old medieval beliefs coinciding with new modernist attitudes (“Basic Ideas of the Renaissance,” 2012). Of the many changes that occurred, politics and power, humanism, and the Protestant Reformation predominated. Many desired a strong central government and an end to feudalism, which gave way for the establishment of monarchies (“Introduction to Renaissance,” n.d.). The humanist movement gave individuals a different perspective in regards to life satisfaction and limits of reason (Nauret, 1995). With that being said, to recognize man fully, an emphasis was placed on art, activities, and education of the Classical World (“Basic Ideas of the Renaissance,” 2012). With the establishment of monarchies and humanism, the Renaissance period brought to light the issues of the Church and Catholicism. The movement that appeared from this conflict is known as the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther, a major supporter of the Protestant Reformation, brought forth a different way of thinking and perspective that reflected traditional Christian ideas (Fiero, 2011). Much of the arts in the Renaissance period emulated the ideals and struggles of this time. One popular play known worldwide is Hamlet written by William Shakespeare, who is known as the greatest English playwright of all time (Fiero, 2011). The character Hamlet displayed many
Bitter gourd is a vegetable and it belongs to the family cucurbitacea. It is grown for both commercial as well as economic purpose across the various state of the country.
The seeds were surface sterilized with 0.1% Mercuric chloride for 5 minutes then washed with distiied water several times to remove chemicals. The seeds of Raphanus and Cucumber were spread on sterile filter paper in each petridish and soaked in aqueous root exudates of each weeds. Each weeds had three replicates with equal quantity of seeds in petridishes. The seeds are allowed to grow for 10 days at room temperature. The seeds treated with sterile distilled water was termed as control. The seeds treated with weeds aqueous root exudates of Ageratum conyzoides, Leucas aspera, Scoparia dulcis, Spilanthes acmella and Vernonia patula were termed respectively as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. During the experiment period, care was taken to add equal volume of root exudates in each petridish periodically. After 10 days the seedlings were harvested. Then the effect of root exudates on the seed germination and seedling growth were studied. The shoot and root length of the seedlings were measured in cm and recorded. Then the average shoot and root length were calculated. The result observed are presented in Tables and photo plates.
Fenugreek seeds were bought from a local herbalist. The seeds were ground up and five different solvents were used: chloroform, 70% ethanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and water. For each solvent, 2.5 grams of coarsely powdered seed material was extracted by refluxing with 25 ml of each solvent stated above for a period of thirty minutes and kept overnight at room temperature before filtration. The following day, after filtration, the solvents were evaporated until dryness using a rotary evaporator and the crude extracts were weighed. To make a stock solution that could be used for the subsequent experiments, five millimeters of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added and two hundred milligrams of the crude extract were weighed. Throughout the entire experiment, the percentage of DMSO was kept constant (1%). MCF7 breast cancer cells were acquired from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC® HTB-22™). The media was supplemented with 10 % (v/v) heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco Invitrogen), antibiotics 100 U/ml penicillin (Lonza) and 100 µg/ml streptomycin (Lonza), 2 mM L-glutamine (Lonza) in addition to 25µM 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1 piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) (Biowest, France). Cells were maintained at 37 °C, 5% CO2 humidified incubator. The cell viability assay was performed using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) as described previously (Mosmann, 1983), with minor modification. In summary, 7×103 cells were seeded
Licorice extracts are derived from Glycyrrhiza Glabra Linnera and Glycyrrhiza uralensis.(24, 26) Licorice extracts properties are like two-face of coin, there are many active compounds that may inhibit or stimulate melanogenesis. Glabridin, a polyphenolic isoflavonoid, is the main ingredient in licorice extract which is tyrosinase inhibitor and anti-inflammatory compound.(21) In addition, it has a role in dispersing the melanin by liquiritin and decrease free radical formation.(20, 24, 26)
Currently, the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth food most consumed worldwide, after rice, wheat and corn. It is important constituent of people's diet from different countries, being grown on over 18 million acres spread over 125 countries (FAO, 2009). The Solanum tuberosum L. is considered the main vegetable crop both in cultivated area and in food preference, competing mainly with tomato within this sector.
Terminalia arjuna is also known as Arjuna belongs to the family Combretaceace. Arjuna is a deciduous tropical woody tree found throughout India especially in the sub Himalayan tracts and Eastern India. It is known to be one of the most versatile medicinal plants having a wide spectrum of biological activity. Now days Terminalia arjuna is used for disorders of the heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular disease), including heart disease, congestive heart failure and related chest pain, angina, cardiomyopathy, high blood pressure, blocked coronary arteries, hypercholesterolemia, Hyper lipidemia and edema. It is also used as “a water pill,” and for earaches, dysentery, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), diseases of the urinary tract, and to increase sexual desire, asthma, bile duct disorders, scorpion stings, Liver tonic, Urinary tract toner, Cardio modulator and poisonings. Arjuna is also found to be having antibacterial and antimutagenic property. Arjuna is also known to relieve symptomatic complaints of essential hypertension viz.
Traditionally this plant extract is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat a variety of conditions and disorders including, but not limited to the following.
Currently, as we have seen in our class studies, there are many diverse topics and issues related to today’s changing workplace. These include advancements in technology, global markets, social media, evolution of unions and human resource, and Public Private Partnerships.