Disadvantages Of Designated Groups

The process of establishing if an action/policy is discriminatory can be very challenging. However, a number of theories seek to differentiate actions that constitute discrimination and those that do not. Disparate treatment Theory is amongst the most commonly used theories that have been used to ascertain whether an act or policy amounts to discrimination or not. The theory argues that one is subject to discrimination if they are treated less favorably than others are in similar situations (Bent, 2011).

Presenting the understandings of the mechanisms that created affirmative actions in order to change the common misconceptions and “reposition the direction that we think, talk and act about affirmative action” (xi). His intention is to shift the focus of the readers in three different ways, The first way is to change how we view the history of affirmative action. The second shift in focus is how we understand affirmative action and what we think about when we hear those words. Katznelson points out that when we hear affirmative action we only think about it in terms of top jobs and higher education. While poverty and inequality are not as prevalent in our discussions of affirmative action. The last of the three is “placing affirmative action on more secure ground by binding new deal and fair deal history to the argument about when, why and how should count in crafting todays policies” (xii). Katznelson is focused on the history and our perception of affirmative action. As stated in the book he believes many different authors have covered the subject of affirmative action in relation to moral, constitutional and practical issues, nor is it an attempt to perform a historical analysis on affirmative

Affirmative action is intended to promote the opportunities of the protected classes within a society to give them equal access to that of the privileged majority population.

This case shows how men and women of all races can be affected by the two headed monster called affirmative action. Affirmative action was established so that members of society such women, minorities or those with handicaps would be guaranteed an honest opportunity to achieve goals, professions or pursue higher education without discrimination. However, when a person’s sex, nationality, social settings and race compete against one another even those the act is intended to protect become

Systematic exclusion directly relates to affirmative action in a multitude of ways. Affirmative action addresses systematic exclusion of certain individuals based on several different elements including talent, gender or race, all in an attempt to promote each individual to develop, perform and contribute to the best of their ability ("AAAA" 2). This includes abilities in a myriad of fields, including the job market, education, and community. Affirmative action addresses systematic exclusion by opening opportunities to individuals with limited experience and talented backgrounds who have endured constant and persistent discrimination from members of other races and genders ("AAAA" 2). Directly opposite of systematic exclusion is the idea of social utility. This concept says that an increased population of specific minorities or genders would certainly create a balance, resulting in better communities. In addition, members of that minority will be inspired to succeed, for they will see how people of their own race have excelled. One example of social utility is when communities of racial diversity require a diverse police force, for it aids in acquiring trust and dedication of an entire communities populace ("Affirmative Action" 5). Even though equal opportunity and systematic exclusion are, without a doubt, important to the understanding of affirmative action, the most important principle is yet to be discussed.

The positive result of the affinitive action legislation allows minorities that have suffered from centuries of oppression due to slaver chance to get head (GGB, 2015). Disadvantaged

Affirmative action is an idea that greatly benefits one while providing losses to another group. This is a cause-and-effect relationship, a recurring theme that occurs with these attempts for equality. As either a student or worker gets hired for a job for simply in the case of their skin color or certain superfluous traits, a student may either be admitted to a college in which the coursework is too difficult to handle, or for a job where they have no knowledge of what to do. There exist cases in which students

Affirmative Action remains one of the more complicated and controversial topics dealt with in American society. Affirmative Action is an action or policy designed to protect specific groups who suffer from discrimination, and provide them with programs and special opportunities. These government or private programs were designed to set right historical injustices towards the members of these groups who have suffered things like employment and educational disadvantages from racial discrimination. The goal for these actions are to redress past wrong doings by fixing things like inequalities in employment and pay, as well as increasing opportunities for education. By achieving this, the outcome would restore equal access and opportunity in favor of the members of these groups. These groups generally consist of certain minorities that have suffered from social ills such as slavery and segregation.

The purpose was to find more than just a simple prohibition on discrimination, rather, future guarantees of equal treatment and ensuring inequality is no longer a barrier to entering the public service were needed (Johnson, 2011, p. 362). Therefore, the designation of historically disadvantaged groups had the purpose of readdressing past discrimination and encouraging minority integration in the public service (Johnson, 2011, p. 362). After passing the Employment Equity Act in 1995, the Public Service Commission changed its practices to “ensure that the regular staffing process is free of attitudinal and systemic barriers” along with corrective measures to address the underrepresentation of the designated groups (Johnson, 2011, p. 363). Also, the Treasury Board Secretariat was given the task of developing policies and practices that allow equitable representation of designated groups and departmental employment equity plans (Johnson, 2011, p. 363).

The article illustrates that the affirmative action policy favors minority members, females and economically disadvantaged people. The focus of the affirmative action policy is to remove discrimination and achieve diversity. The central aspect of research revolves around people that have been discriminated. The policy helps individuals that are qualified candidates for positions of one group over the other.

As I would see it, I trust the lawmaking body ought not be allowed to complete a secret operation particularly when the nation is working under a sensible strategy of government. Slighting the route that, there may be conditions where the association may need to do it to maintain a strategic distance from set from the masses and along these lines beating its arrangements. After a short time, our nation is the politically enticing nation for a couple of countries, and secret operations do watch our nation. Concerning whether the comprehensive group ought to be instructed, I feel that this issue has its motivations of interest and preventions. The comprehensive group could respond unfavorably and it could understand a mammoth condition of free

Affirmative action in the U.S is a set of laws or guidelines that are set in place to level the playing field and give everyone an equal opportunity to pursue employment or an education. This law was deemed necessary when it was made legal; however now there are those who disagree with the policies of affirmative action. “Hate groups frequently refer to affirmative action as racial preferences, racial quotas, or anti- White prejudice and describe the policy as creating unfair advantages to minorities and/or creating disadvantages to Whites” (Valeri, Robin, and Kevin Borgeson

Affirmative Action came about in response to legislation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. There were various political, societal and moral reasons to justify the legislation. Those reasons will be examined.

Justice V.R.Krishna Iyer visualises it as a "special concern for the backward human sectors of the lowliest and the lost, and activist, affirmative state action for their advancement as a democratic imperative, plus the organisation of a sensitive and creative milieu which offers, as of right, social, and cultural opportunities, dignity of personhood and individuality to every human, regardless of seeming or real disparities to unfold his full mental, moral and physical

Oppression is at the root of many of the most serious, enduring conflicts in the world today. Racial and religious conflicts; conflicts between dictatorial governments and their citizens; the battle between the sexes; conflicts between management and labor; and conflicts between heterosexuals and homosexuals all stem, in whole or in part, to oppression. It’s similar to an article in south africa that people have with racial segregation between black and white . Many people need to know that indiviual have their own rights in laws and freedom . Everyone should have an equal rights and better community . A black person would be of or accepted as a member of an African tribe or race, and a colored person is one that is not black or white. The Department of Home Affairs (a government bureau) was responsible for the classification of the citizenry. Non-compliance with the race laws were dealt with harshly. All blacks were required to carry ``pass books ' ' containing fingerprints, photo and information on access to non-black areas. The apartheid in South Africa which was in effect from 1948 until 1994 was not only a racist policy which greatly affected the quality of life of minorities in the country for the worse but was a outright crime against humanity. It include with civil right that violence verses non-violence that the government could or