Regionalization is defined as “autonomous health care organizations with responsibility for health care administration within a defined geographic area with the provinces and territories” (Political Science Glossary). In British Columbia, the New Democratic Party envision of having over 100 Regional Health Authorities. In 2001, the Liberal Party implemented the Regional Health Authorities and developed six health authorities: Northern Health, Interior Health, Fraser Health, Island Health, Vancouver Coastal Health, and Provincial Health Services Authority.
The benefits of having regionalization are stated to be: greater responsiveness to local needs, increases accountability, more effective management, more focus on prevention, better health
preservation of the French language and culture and thus the protection of such makes for a
This paper will focus on the Central West LHIN because the LHIN provides services according to the regions in Ontario. The Central West LHIN’s mandate is to “plan, integrate, fund and monitor the local health care system for the regions of Brampton, Caledon, Dufferin, Malton, North Etobicoke and Woodbridge with over 840,000 local residence” (Together, making …, 2014, para. 1). The Central West region is a very diverse community with people from different cultural background.
The North East LHIN provides health care services and support to the community and people who reside across Northeastern Ontario. The geography and demographics of an area have a huge impact on how healthcare is delivered and received. The Northeastern Ontario landscape has a enormous land mass compared to population, therefore it makes it difficult to make sure there are enough health providers through the North East LHIN facilities (NE LHIN, 2014). There are some areas that are a part of the NE LHIN which are only accessible by air or by ice roads (communities along the James and Hudson Bay Coast) (NE LHIN, 2014). This impacts the way healthcare is delivered to the people who live in these areas and makes it difficult for health professions to go and improve assistance and medical attention in these areas.
America has a very disorganized and fragmented healthcare system while Canada has a very structured and established system. Since there is no healthcare system in the world that is considered perfect all countries implement polices that they believe will be the most beneficial for their residents, The United States’ and Canada’s systems are both constantly being reformed to fit the current needs their residents however there are strengths and weaknesses for both of the systems.
Its purpose is to provide facilities that already exist with health services and resources to provide the best possible health for Canadians (Royal Commission on Health Services, 2004). Public policy refers to the governments role in achieving an objective causing a change in society through major priorities. In this case the priority here is for every Canadian to have adequate an effective health regardless of their socio-economic status. (Role of Knowledge in Public Health, n.d., pg 89) However, this priority becomes controversial when political parties begin to get involved due to power shifts. The dilemma here is not about who is eligible to retrieve medical services but rather the policies that are made by the influence of other institutions such as marketing companies and political parties that result in health
The federal and state governments are the largest supporters of health care services in the United States. Examples of support that our government provides include assisting those who are in need of health care with numerous options such as Medicare and Medicaid, the
This paper will discuss the Canadian healthcare system compared to the United States healthcare system. Although they’re close in proximity, these two nations have very different health care systems. Each healthcare system has its own difficulties, and is currently trying to find ways to improve. Canada currently uses the Universal Health Care system; which provides healthcare coverage to all Canadian citizens (Canadian Health Care, 2007). The services are executed on both a territorial and provincial basis, by staying within the guidelines that have been enforced by the federal government (Canadian Health Care, 2007).
This process involves one that is “committee-based and bring[s] together stakeholders in Aboriginal health such as Aboriginal organizations and federal and provincial government departments” ("Looking for Aboriginal Health," 2011, p. 31). Ontario and British Columbia are the leaders in this work (Lavoie, 2013). Ontario developed the Aboriginal Health and Wellness Strategy in 1994, which is managed by a joint committee consisting of representatives from the eight umbrella Aboriginal organizations in Ontario as well as members of several government ministries and departments ("Looking for Aboriginal Health," 2011). Intended to provide a new governance structure for First Nations health services, British Columbia has developed the Tripartite First Nations policy framework that is made up of the Transformative Change Accord and the First Nations Health Plan (Lavoie, 2013; ("Looking for Aboriginal Health," 2011). Other provinces, particularly in northern regions, have developed inter-tribal authorities that are federally and provincially funded. These models of First Nations healthcare are a step in the right direction, but they also add additional complexities causing “jurisdictional boundaries [to] continue to shift and blur over time” (Lavoie & Gervais,
The Federal government is responsible for insuring equal distribution and accessibility of health care services to citizens though they are not the only party that shape the policies of Canada’s healthcare but also the influence of doctors, health professionals, political parties, and businesses are also used (Canadian Stakeholders, n.d., para 2). The 1984 Canada Health Act outlines the requirements that provincial governments must meet. However; since there is not a descriptive list mentioning insurance services in the Act, the insured services in provinces vary creating a power shift (The Canada Health Act, 2005). Provinces also control the licensing of hospitals as well as doctors,
In the book on a citizens guidelines to policy and politics, Katherine Fierlbeck argues that “The 1983 Canada Health Act replaced the 1947 Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services act because of the shift from a system of 50-50 federal-provincial cost sharing to a system of block funding established in Ottawa in 1977” (Fierlbeck 2011, pg.20). Until the period of the mid 1980’s, the Canadian health care system is to be categorized in a disarray, having no foundation to components and accomplishment. The system is to rely mainly on cost sharing; whereby in a health insurance policy only a portion is paid by the health insurance. While enabling the insured party to pay a portion of the price of covered services. In this case, cost sharing is based on 50-50 provincial and federal cost-sharing agreement to a fault. By Ottawa giving tax transfers to the provinces in replacement of direct transfers, but the federal government had no capacity to conceal cash. This in return is able to affect provinces because it deprived the federal government effective, efficient, and responsive measure of provinces holding the five principles of the Canada health care. According to About Canada Health Care, Pat Armstrong and Hugh Armstrong speaks about the five principles of health care, which are; “Public administration, Comprehensiveness, Universality, Portability, and Accessibility” (Pat Armstrong & Hugh Armstrong 2008, pg.28). These five principles holds the provinces accountable to the
Their powers are authorized by the provincial government. Provinces and territories restrict municipalities in many ways and provide them with rules and regulations to set a basic framework for them. The amount of money spent, and strategies used are monitored through their intergovernmental relations. Their main concern is to provide the adequate services that individuals within their community need and use on a daily basis. These include emergency services (ambulance, fire services, etc.), child care (daycares), environmental services (recycling,
Denmark is a small high-income country with a high population density, is governed by a constitutional monarchy, has a central parliament and is administratively divided into regions, municipalities and has 2 dependencies (Greenland and the Faroe Islands) (Kravitz & Treasure, 2009). It has a national health service (funded by general taxation) and a decentralized healthcare system in which the individual regions run most services and the municipalities are responsible for some public health services (Kravitz & Treasure, 2009). However, a process of (re) centralization (under the structural reform of 2007) has been taking place, which has lowered the number of regions from 14 to 5 and the
Hospitals, mental health institutions, drug rehabilitation programs, and such services as laboratory and radiology are provided by the regional authorities. Each region has an enterprise that is owned by the state and is fully responsible for providing specialized health care to that regions’ inhabitants.
The Commonwealth also expanded into other parts of health care, including Indigenous health[22] and community health and welfare in local communities.[23] At the same time, increasing community expectations regarding improved health care led to South Australia establishing a health commission to improve coordination of health services.
Canadian Federalism emerged in 1867 and brought together disparate colonies under one centralized government. Initially, the colonies were opposed to the thought of federalism, as many believed they would lose their independence by giving up certain powers to a national government. The central government would control defense, foreign affairs, money, postage, and taxation; Furthermore, numerous colonists preferred dealing with London, as opposed to Canada East or Canada West. The colonies additionally did not feel a great attachment to the people of other colonies. French Canadians felt no desire to become a minority in a larger English-speaking majority country. Similarly, the maritime provinces had closer economic links to Britain and the Eastern United States than to the Canadas. The push towards federalism though took root after the threat of annexation by the United States, and the idea of Manifest Destiny; which led to the system of government that Canada utilizes today. Although, advocates of federalism argue that it promotes unity, and financial benefit, opponents believe the time-consuming process and special favoritism to Central Canada is a drawback to Federalism.