INTRODUCTION
The definition of “special education” in the encyclopaedia of children’s health declares:
“Special education refers to a range of educational and social services provided by the public school system and other educational institutions to individuals with disabilities who are between three and 21 years of age. Special education is designed to ensure that students with disabilities are provided with an environment that allows them to be educated effectively. Disabilities that qualify for special education include physical disabilities, such as deafness or blindness; mental disabilities, such as Down's syndrome and autism ; medical conditions, such as oxygen dependence or traumatic brain injury; learning deficits, such as dyslexia ; and behavioural disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorders.”
(The encyclopaedia of children’s health, 2017, Internet source: http://www.healthofchildren.com/S/Special-Education.html#ixzz4zu4cTODJ) Considering that, the purpose of this report is to analyse the main practises and tools that Finnish schools are using in the “special education” field.
The analysis is based on the observation of three schools in Rovaniemi, done in different classes, and tries to compare some Finnish methods with the Italian ones.
OUNASRINTEEN KOULU
Ounasrinteen Koulu is a new
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It’s important to emphasis their skills in the group and not just put them in a lower position as someone who needs help. Every pupil has his difficulties and strengths and is a teacher important task to create the right atmosphere to let everybody express their selves in the best way, helping and supporting each other, but also emerging from the group for the peculiar
Special education is a relatively new concept in education. The question is why? Although, the Federal Government required all children to attend school since 1918, this did not apply to students with disabilities. Many state laws gave school districts the ability to deny access to individuals they deem “uneducable.” The term “uneducable” varied from state to state, school to school, and even individual to individual. If students were accepted into the school, they were placed in regular classrooms with their peers with no support or in classrooms that were not appropriate to meet their needs. This started to change with the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s. The lawsuit Brown vs the Board of Education sued to end segregation of public schools laid the ground work for Individuals with Disabilities Act. The next major impact in education was the enactment of Elementary and Secondary Act signed into effect by President Lyndon Johnson in 1965. The purpose of this law was to provide fair and equal access to education for all, established higher standards, and mandated funds for professional development, resources for support education programs, and parent involvement. Under this law, programs like Head Start were created and celebrated their 50th anniversary this year. Despite additional federal funds and mandatory laws, children with disabilities were unserved or underserved by public school due to loop holes with in the law. Many more lawsuit followed Brown vs
“The Warnock Report in 1978, Followed by the 1981 Education Act, Radically changed the conceptualization of Special Educational Needs” (The Stationery Office (HMSO), 2006b; pg.11). Moving onto the current
When Public Law 94-142 was passed in 1975 it had a positive impact on the education for children with disabilities. Millions of children in the United States were supported by the law. These children had previously been excluded entirely from the education system.
The amount of people who live with disabilities is a controversial number. Depending on what law and diagnostic tools used, a person may have a visible disability, or one that may lie beneath the surface of his or her appearance. Some people believe that the term “disability” is merely a label use to hold back, or prescribe helplessness. Meanwhile, individuals who have been properly diagnosed with disabilities struggle to maintain respect and acceptance every day. In plain language, there is a lot of misunderstanding between people with disabilities and those without. It is firstly important to get everyone on the same page regarding the definition of disability.
After reading chapters one and two of the book “Exceptional lives”, I could more easily understand special education. As a teacher, I will mostly likely have many students with disabilities in my class throughout my career. With
Attention need to be is given to individuals that is fair to them, although this can be difficult at times especially when working with groups because children have different varying needs, some children need more support than others, so getting the balance right is essential to give children or young people the opportunity to participate. This can best be achieved by encouraging children and young people to put forward their own ideas, understanding that some pupils may find something’s difficult and need more assurance from you, understanding the needs of all pupils for example a child who has special education needs, will require different levels of support, sitting close to pupils whilst they are working will provide reassurance. Please see TDA 2.6: Help improve on own team practice in schools; Learning outcome 1.1
Special Education is a topic of controversy with many advocates fighting for the justice children and adults with special needs so rightfully deserve. With laws being passed and modified so frequently, it is important that the educators being brought into the world have an extensive knowledge of the developmental needs of many different types of children. With this knowledge and their constant measures to keep up to date with the fast-moving world of education, they will be able to deliver an appropriate atmosphere that is in accordance with the law that ensures ethical practices and guidelines are always being followed.
Special education has faced many changes during the last century. During this time there have been many opinions on the way students with differences should be taught and treated. This paper will discuss the history of special education during the twentieth century. We will also discuss the laws associated with Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Finally we will discuss the current and future challenges that the laws have on special education.
In 1993 the report of the Special Education Review Committee (SERC) was published. This report dealt comprehensively with the educational implications of special needs. It provided a definition of special needs which included those with severe and profound difficulties through to those who were exceptionally able and included both physical and mental disabilities. It recognized that the desire of the majority of parents of children with
There are millions of children that are passing through the United States school system every day, not all children possess the same traits, and not all children can learn at the same rate, and do not perform at the same ability. The fact that all children learn differently and some have difficulties learning in general classrooms, special education was put into place to try and take care of these issues. Special education programs were put into place to help all students with disabilities. These children range from general disabilities to more complex and severe disabilities. There has been a revolution occurring in the past several years with education systems, and special education. There have now been several laws that have been
The purpose of special education programs and identification is to provide equal access to education for children aby providing services that can assist with obtaining educational success. It is important to remember that not every child who appears to initially be struggling will continue to struggle or qualify for additional assistance or special education services. As well, a student who did not previously struggle or show signs of needing services may present as such at a different moment in their educational
The pros and cons of the inclusion of special education students in the public school system.
According to the children Act (1989) and the disability discrimination act (1995) the definition of special educational needs (SEN) is when a child is abnormal if he is visually impaired, dumb, deaf, injuries, or suffers from a mental disorder or any other type of illnesses. The definition of a child having disability according to the act is if he or she has been diagnosed with long term physical or mental impairment therefore struggling to do the day to day tasks. Both of the acts are provided for schools to meet the child’s responsibilities with SEN, and also help the teachers to meet the needs for disabled children.
The importance of education for all children, especially for those with disability and with limited social and economic opportunities, is indisputable. Indeed, the special education system allowed children with disability increased access to public education. Apart from that, the special education system has provided for them an effective framework for their education, and for the institutions involved to identify children with disability sooner. In turn, this promotes greater inclusion of children with disability alongside their nondisabled peers. In spite of these advances however, many obstacles remain, including delays in providing services for children with disability, as well as regulatory and
Whilst there is no one single definition of special education there are some inherent similarities between the various definitions given by a plethora of philosophers, politicians and academics. Special Education is a form of instruction that is designed to meet the needs of students with disabilities in order that they can learn the very same skills and information as other students in school (Giordano, 2007; Osgood, 2005). Under the banner of special education there is high prominence placed upon individualised