Disarmament, Demobilization, And Reintegration Of Rebel Groups

In the last decades, narco trafficking and organized crime had emerged as the main security threats in Latin America. Deviant globalization increase their power by establishing connections with similar organizations in other parts of the world, like cocaine distribution networks, for example. This perceived danger increases the pressure on the governments for effective solutions, and some of them consider that these problems had overwhelmed the capabilities of the local police. Consequently, the intervention of military forces would be necessary to secure the stability of the countries. However, the use of force as the only solution is the outcome of a misunderstanding of the root causes that generates them. This paper presents the research for a general pattern in the region that is helpful to understand how the civil society perceives the failures of governance and how the networks of illegal activities exploit this perception.

In recent years, there has been an influx of immigrants that mainly come from Central America, more specifically the Northern Triangle countries, that are attempting to escape the serious violence problem. Considered to be the most violent part of the world, the three countries of Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala are the gateway for the thousands of tons of drugs being transported to the U.S. by gangs and criminal organizations. The growth in the drug market and organized crime has resulted in flourishing hubs of violence in communities with extreme poverty and lack of job opportunities. Due to this, hundreds of thousands of people have decided to leave behind their home and take the dangerous journey to the United States. The number of murder cases involving gang violence has multiplied which has led to the recent wave of immigration up North had has placed the issue at center stage in domestic politics.

In ten years of fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan, 6,335 US soldiers have been killed in combat. In less than half that span of time, from December 2006 to December 2010, approximately 38,000 Mexican citizens were killed by cartel related violence. Even without counting the many thousands of Mexicans who were killed before December 2006, the War on Drugs, over ten years, will be fifteen times deadlier than the War on Terror. The level of violence near the border is unacceptable and the United States must share the blame. The rising death toll serves as the proof of what certain people have been saying for years: both the Mexican and American governments need to change their strategy in order to minimize the presence of drug cartels and to

Drug trafficking is one of the most serious problems in the world.It is indeed an international concern, especially in the American continent. Sadly, this apparently shows no signs of changing anytime soon. Researchers believe that it will end when the UNODC (United Nations office on drugs and crime.) pressures and investigates corruption into Mexico and the South America‘s Governments leading to intervention and effective punishment. First of all, the US is trying to end corruption within their own borders. It is not known if the full impact of this “disease” or “habit” has been fully recognized. It is not a secret that drugs and illegal immigration is crossing everyday through the borders of the United States, then they must pressure and investigate corruption into Mexico and the South America‘s Governments. what really make the attractive is that the drug business is that it is so productive that it had grab the attention of thousands of people, which have got involved all kind of societies. the rich people wants more money and poor people

Critics outside and inside of Mexico who are witness to the casualties of the Mexican War on Drugs are keen to blame Felipe Calderon’s administration (the Mexican government) for the escalation of conflict within the country starting in 2006; arguing that the fast militarization and the lack of the state’s strength augmented such conflict. In the article “Did the Military Interventions in the Mexican Drug War Increased Violence?” by Valeria Espinosa and Donald B Rubin; the statistics analysts, studied two articles from a leading Mexican magazine Nexos, both with the same conclusion, “that military interventions had increased homicide rates in those states where intervention took place” (Espinosa and Rubin, 17). The results, although it was

In developing countries such as Sierra Leone and Sudan, there are many types of violence, propaganda, and corruption used to create this vulnerability, which leads to vicious cycles of displacement and war. The corruption that is present in these governments is rather significant and the fear that is instilled into civilians by the military or militia causes a power imbalance. Furthermore, the abuse of drugs and alcohol is caused by the lack of education in many of these developing countries. Civilians are persuaded to join these organizations with the use of drugs such and cocaine and crack. The lack of availability of education and awareness of the effects of such drugs puts civilians in a vulnerable position. Being born in certain developing countries comes with everlasting conflict, which commonly leads to vulnerable environments and further displacement. Most of the time these conflicts arise over natural resources, religion or contrasting political views. The current action being taken by foreign aid has had a very minor impact. New Statesman writer Dinaw Mengestu discusses African literature comparing past to present, “Growing up in the United States, I was acutely aware of how everything I saw and heard about my native Ethiopia was being translated...We died by the millions, and with the exception of a handful of thoughtful accounts by western journalists, little was said and done from the outside, and even less was uttered out loud from within” (Mengestu, 2007). This further reflects the issue of not being recognized on a global scale and being misinterpreted by the rest of society. In order to protect these civilians from the corruption, violence and propaganda, there is a need for further action. Firstly, this issue needs to be recognized and humanized by foreign governments. The amount of awareness needs to drastically increase in order for civilians and foreign

In regard to Latin America, this area is a crucial geographical zone for drug trafficking and production. Due to the location, the drug trade has found its perfect home, vast mountains and forests enable huge farms to produce and ship drugs to any region they want. Whether it is Colombia, Peru or one of the many countries found to be in this vast collection of drug trafficking, it is apparent that they all share similar geographies that allow the trade to continue. As a result of this, countries in this region have been subjugated to many imperialistic like efforts to eradicate this growing issue, regardless of involvement. Through the use of diplomacy and past military intervention, the U.S. and other countries have tried to keep a grip on the ever growing drug ring surrounding this area. Unfortunately, it has become evident that the effort given by the U.S. is not enough to combat this ever growing and secure market.

Even though there is talk of peace between the state and the leaders of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (known by its Spanish acronym, FARC)” (Maddiloni 2009) , the country’s largest insurgent group which halted the violence in 2016, FARC remains active, and many of the smaller groups that are off shoots and fragments still cause havoc in Columbian cities. This process faces many challenges, including widespread public concern that the peace deal offers too much leniency to offenders of violence. But the deal’s backers are hopeful that the early phases of demobilization, which are already underway, will lead to a sustainable

In this current day, we are considered to be living in the “golden age of drug trafficking”. In 2016, top officials and diplomats from governments all over the world met at the United Nations headquarters to figure out what do to about the worldwide drug trafficking problem. Over various days of the discussions, they came to the conclusion to make a more extensive advancement and approach, but continue to keep conducting the war on drugs. They developed an “outcome document” that orders countries to restrict, prevent and conflict drug related crime. This will be done by disturbing the trafficking, production, manufacturing and cultivation of drugs such as cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin and other banned substances. The UN’s data presents that the “supply-oriented” stand to battling the trafficking of drugs has ld to a consistency of failure. The data also shows that even the billions of dollars that has been spent attempting to exterminate illicit crops, seize loads of drug produce and detain traffickers has led to more worldwide drug use and production than ever. It has also been noted that while these drug treaties continue to not be changes, the pace and evolution of organized crime has been moving right beside the global economy. Progression in transportation, technology and options of travel have been an addition to the capability and productivity of the global economy. To be exact, globalization has driven and fueled this bursted outbreak of the illegal drug trade.

Purpose. To provide a summary of the Military Review article: States, Societies, Resistance, and Counter Insurgency (COIN).

“Neglect or dismissal of human rights demands can raise the stakes for low-intensity conflict to high-intensity conflict” (Mertus, 5). While the government fights the drug cartels and tries to portray a winning picture to its citizens, and the drug cartels fighting each other while involve in other criminal acts, the Mexican people find itself in the middle of the conflict. While dealing with the cartels, the government should also focus in the security and human rights of its citizens. Division within a county will flare into violence again (Lutz, 36); thus the government must address the conflict with the help of its own people, taking into account their security and human rights before the state’s. To do so, the government must link human rights and conflict resolution; Cultural, social, economic, political, and other structures create an architecture for relationships and help determine whether resources will be shared relatively equally (Schirch, 68). The government success in the Drug War rest in its ability to unite its people, destroy the gaps that divide its citizens and respect the human rights of all of its

Mexico hosts the largest, most sophisticated and violent criminal organizations in the hemisphere. These organizations have emerged from Mexico's long history of smuggling and its proximity to the United States, the largest economy in the world, to become a regional threat. It is well known that Mexico is presented today as one of the countries with the highest crime rate, and with a high number of murders, many of them linked to drug trafficking. The violence is certainly linked to the increase of power and the activities of criminal groups involved in drug trafficking and other illicit activities ranging from extortion and kidnapping to smuggling and even human trafficking. Violence is also due to the "war" against drug trafficking and organized crime declared by the Mexican government.

We seek to shed some light on the two vastly similar, yet different stories that Mexico and Colombia share in this topic. Once the history of this conflict has been detailed, we can focus on any possible solutions and what their effects can be if implemented. This special commission of the U.N. was created to reform drug war policies and that is precisely what we intend on doing. The first step to eradicating the flow of drugs and the drug wars that result from it is to accept that what is currently being pursued is flawed and counter-productive.

In the chapter, Smith examines four case studies in the early 1990's and 2000's (Kosovo, Haiti, Sierra Leone, Nepal). As a control, Smith uses Nepal as peacekeeping troops were not deployed. Through comparing and contrasting reports from Amnesty International (AI) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM) before, during and after the deployment of UN peacekeeping troops, Smith is able to provide substantial evidence that suggests that UN peacekeeping missions increase human trafficking. Specifically, Smith focuses on the increased number of people within the region. As such the potential market increases. This is especially true when the UN may deploy tens of thousands of peacekeepers into a small region for an extended

Crime, death, and destruction in Latin America is a big issue that’s spreading around the whole world. It’s becoming a worldwide problem and it needs to be fixed. Trafficking drugs to other countries and what not, are the main cause of crime, death and destruction of property in Latin America. “According to police data, these countries collectively saw 17,422 murders in 2015, 11% more than in 2014. However, there are signs the security challenges are changing, both in Northern Triangle and across Central America as a whole.” This shows that murders are occurring more often than they should. El Salvador is increased in murders between 2014-15 and its one of the highest in the world. The