Discrimination And Racism In The United States

There is a positive association between racial discrimination and blood pressure that shows in African Americans who have had experiences of racial discrimination and unfair treatment. In the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study (1996), Krieger and Sidney studied self-reported experiences of unfair treatment and racism from 4,086 black and white men and women ages 25 to 37 years old. Krieger and Sidney found out that working class blacks reported experiencing two or more discrimination cases when getting a job or looking for housing. Their blood pressures were 7 mmHg higher than working class whites (Arriola, 2002; Barksdale, Farrug, & Harkness, 2009). This showed that working class blacks also had higher blood pressure than professional blacks (Leary, 1996). The professional black males who experienced one or two discrimination situations had higher rates of hypertension than those professional white males. In addition, the blood pressure of professional black females who had two or more experiences of racial discrimination was higher than professional white females. These findings show that there’s a relationship between discriminatory experiences and hypertension (Krieger & Sidney, 1996)(Barksdale et al., 2009). More experiences of racial discrimination, result in blood pressure that is high.

Article Review 2 results stated that overall every day discrimination showed higher odds of any psychiatric disorder, anxiety, mood and more lifetime DSM- IV disorders. Furthermore it tends to agree with Article review one, in that, depression is a major factor for the older African American.

This can be problematic that can effect societal beliefs that can have a profound effect on how depression is diagnose due to racism. There is also a correlation on how Caucasian-Americans and African-Americans are treated differently when being diagnose with mental health disorders like depression. For example, Utsey, Chae, Brown, and Kelly (2002) found that for people of Color, cultural racism was related to lower levels of quality of life and that Blacks reported more experiences of individual and cultural race-related stress than other people of Color and had equal levels of institutional race-related stress. It is detrimental to address abnormalities of this of increase depression disorders due to racism against African-Americans because it can show correlations of socioeconomic status of African-Americans are placed into due to

African Americans experience specific events of danger related to race that overwhelm the nervous system and require us to recover. These dangers may be real or perceived discrimination, threats of harm and injury, police incidents, and humiliating and shaming events. The aggressors may be black or white. These events stand out in our memory and have long-term impact on our perception of ourselves and our social environments. As mentioned in the previous discussion, some African Americans are stronger after recovering from these events, and others have long-term declines in their ability to cope with future stresses and threats.

Some people have the option to have a great health care system and reinsure that their well being is being greatly taken care of. However, this is not the case for others. African Americans are proved to have the worst health outcomes (Golash-Boza, 2015). Throughout history, African Americans have always been discriminated based on skin color. Because of this disadvantage African Americans are more prone to stress, leading to negative health outcomes (Golash-Boza, 2015). Discrimination can lead to stress, stress leads to stressful conditions such as poverty, crime, or poor housing. These stressful conditions can lead to unhealthy behaviors such as illegal crime, smoking, or substance use (Golash-Boza,2015). Due to the stressful resources African Americans are dealing with they can deal with these situations by eating unhealthy foods, therefore, causing a negative health outcome. Racism and health are indeed correlated with one another. As stated by Golash-Boza in Race and Racisms, “racial discrimination continues to be prevalent in our society and leads to negative health outcomes for people of color”. Overall racism can affect health in many ways. Those who live in poor neighborhoods, racial bias in medical care, the stress of experience of discrimination, and the social brand of inferiority can have consequences for health (Williams, 1999). Race can be a big factor in the type

The purpose of the current study was to examine “whether racial discrimination and any of the coping strategies were related to depressive symptoms” (Seaton, et al., 2014, p. 885) in Black American youth. The authors mention that there have been studies which indicate “perceptions of racial discrimination have been linked to lower life satisfaction levels, decreased

The sum effect of the continual violence against black Americans by the United States’ police, the efforts to blame the country’s first black president. The connection between racism and severe anxiety stresses the negative impact that discrimination has on society. Ultimately, racial battle is manifest by the diminished life spans by increasing suicide rates among black children and other indices of the toll that day-to-day life in a racist society takes on the emotional, physical and financial health of black and brown Americans.

Racism may also adversely affect mental health status through the subjective experience of discrimination. Recent qualitative studies and journalistic accounts reveal that blacks experience discrimination in a broad range of contexts in society and that these incidents can induce considerable distress. Some studies have found that exposure to discrimination in the laboratory setting leads to cardiovascular and psychological reactivity among blacks. Similarly, some epidemiological studies have found that exposure to racial discrimination was positively related to elevated levels of blood pressure in blacks although this association has not always been found.

Multicultural discrimination is a set of unique experience of racial discrimination and prejudice due to having a mixed racial background. Viewed as a risk factor (Giamo, Schmitt, & Outten,2012), multiracial discrimination can include a wide range of stressful experiences from denial or rejection of their multiracial identity from strangers and family members (Shih & Sanchez,2005) to being teased or pressured to act or choose one of their racial backgrounds (Buckley & Carter, 2004). Qualitative studies illustrate how these unique racial stressors can often lead to feelings of hurt, anger, guilt, and shame (Buckley & Carter, 2004; son, 2012; Miville et al., 2005). Besides that, other impact of discrimination on individuals of multicultural backgrounds include experiencing unique forms of discrimination, being marginalized, claiming different identities, and feeling accepted and affirmed in multiple racial and cultural communities (de Anda & Riddel, 1991; Guevarra, 2012; Jackson, 2009, 2012; Miville, Constantine, Baysden, & So-Lloyd, 2005).

Depression often occurs in minority populations due to direct and/or perceived occurrences of racism. A study of Chicago minority adolescents found that a majority experience discrimination, but less than half of those instances were rated “somewhat” or “very disturbing” (Tobler et al., 2013, p. 347).  Regardless of how adolescents rated discrimination experiences, Tobler et al. (2013) concluded that any direct or even perceived experience of racism contributed to mental health issues.  Adolescents who experience racism also report higher rates of high risk behaviors including suicide ideation (Tobler et al., 2013).  Kim (2014) also notes that “perceived discrimination” increases behavior problems

Depression is a common factor between discrimination victims. “Although most people experience sadness at one time or another, in the United States between 8 and 26 percent of the population meet the psychiatric criteria for clinical depression.” Wilma(1) That number is way to high. Taking out racism will Drop it at lest 2-3%. Depression starts to show in the victims social life.“Depression is a mental disorder grounded in the social realities and expectations” Mankiller, Willma (12). This can mean that someones expectation of themselves may go down because of being discriminated. This is bad because they will think less and less of themselves until the just give up.

The more we comprehend our self, our social location and the nature and history of power, oppression, and prejudice, the more we will be able to identify and react racism and discrimination when we see it. The harsh truth is that racism is something we learn not something we were born with, it’s very serious issues and shouldn’t be ignored, we should never try and hide our identity in fear of being discriminated, the good news is that no matter where we are there will always be support for us. Just make sure we look in the right places.

The most common forms of discrimination are racial remarks, slurs, being called insulting names and being the butt of hurtful jokes. Studies have found that discrimination, racism and harassment may have significant mental and physical health consequences such as frustration, stress, anxiety, depression, possible nervous breakdown, or high blood pressure that can cause heart attacks. Effects of discrimination physically and

America is a country with many successes. Along with success, there are many problems that contribute to success. A big problem that affects America largely is racism. Racism has a big toll on a lot of people. Many African Americans don’t understand how Obama was elected because he’s black. People question if the United States Justice system are discriminating against African Americans. Racial discrimination has been labeled as “fascinating and highly distressing.” This is only 1 out of the many problems America needs to work on. I don’t think this is a credible source is because the author uses personal pronouns to express their own opinion on the situation. Another reason I believe this source is not credible is the author has very biased

Racism is an unfair treatment of people or use violence against them, because they are different race from you, and racism is exists everywhere. In the United States, the whites are discriminating the black American, and in the France, French are discriminating the English, and in the same way, China also has the unavoidable regional discrimination in the present which is a destruction of national unity.