Discuss The Importance Of Informed Consent In Research

To ensure that a researcher’s enthusiasm for knowledge and understanding doesn’t let them get carried away, clear guidelines for ethical behaviour in research, a Code of Ethics, have been established by governments, institutions and various professional societies such as the American Psychological Association(APA), the British Psychological Society (BPS) and the Psychological Society of Ireland (PSI).

Although prisoners give consent, I don’t believe many are voluntarily giving consent, but are being forced to or being persuaded into giving consent since they have free time and require little compensation (Nelson Merz, 69). I do not believe it is right to make a prisoner do something he does not want to do just because there is a subject needed for research. Also, prisoners may give consent to have a little freedom from their everyday environment. “Special concerns arose in the aftermath of Nazi medical experiments during World War II, which resulted in the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki” (Raab). The Nuremburg Code was brought upon to protect the prisoner subjects from harm and to give them protection from being forced to consent in research. It also protects prisoners from being a population that is turned to for experimental subjects in research. The poor population will easily give consent to a research experiment because they will easily get money due to their voluntary role in the experiment. Although the money compensation sounds great to the unfortunate populations, there is no concern, other than money, or thought put into the overall experiment outcomes. They participate in the research, but do not take into consideration the down side effect it may cause. During a research, there are many people who did not know that giving consent to a research also meant that

Informed consent, what is it and why do patients give it? Well, in the medical field a person must give informed consent before receiving treatment. But what does informed consent even mean? It can be hard to even understand what informed consent is and so this leads a person to wonder ethically if there might also be barriers that would prevent a person from giving informed consent. Could language be a barrier, for example can a medical professional “dumb” down a medical procedure enough for a high school dropout or for a child to understand the treatment being offered to them? While that might sound quite harsh the reality is that some medical patients are exactly that, high school dropouts or young children.

The APA ethical guidelines help to ensure that all psychological research maintains the integrity that it does not do harm or conflicts with the majority of the human populations moral ethical codes. However, in some situations the APA ethical guidelines must be viewed as just that: guidelines. If a study has the potential to benefit humanity as a whole and does not result in the permanent or irreparable harm to a human being then some guidelines must be permitted to be stretched or even broken in the interest of human advancement and scientific progression. After all the goal and responsibility of a psychologist is to enhance our understanding of human behavior as well as to find ways to use this information to better society and humanity

According to According to (Gerald, Corey, Schneider, & Callanan, 2015) “Informed consent involves the right of clients to be informed about their therapy and to make autonomous decisions pertaining to it” (p.154). Section B of the ASCA National standards for School Counselors states “Recognize that providing services to minors in a school setting requires school counselors to collaborate with students’ parents/ guardians as appropriate” (pg.6). Since I will be working in the school system. I have to be aware that parents and guardians are heavily involved with the student’s school counseling experience.

Informed consent is extremely important during any experiments. If the participants do not get informed and consent on the experiment that they will be engaged in, they may panic or even get injured during the experiment. If a participant is injured, the participants have reasons to sue the experimenters. Therefore, before commencing any experiment, all participants must be informed about the experiment itself (such as discussing about the procedure) and any risk of harm that they may get. Experimenting with survey questions, for instance, experimenters should tell the participants about the types of questions that they may be asked and the amount of time the survey would take. Although doing surveys would not cause any physical harm, the experimenters

Informed consent is the authorization that gives the patient to the doctor and the institution to receive the services they need for their recovery. The patient can give consent orally or in writing may be total, partial or for a specific procedure. Also the patient has the right to submit advance directives of which stipulates the refusal of a treatment such as blood transfusions or intubation. Guide the hospitalization process, the patient may reject some study or treatment for which he is taking a leave of refusal of treatment, although their lives may be in danger, what matters is that the guidance provided by both the physician and the nurse are documented.

Informed consent means that the psychologist or researcher must make every effort to be sure the patient understands the purpose, benefits, risks, and other options of the test or treatment. Then the doctor or nurse must get the patient’s consent before starting (American Cancer Society,2014). The reason why this is required for every experiment, is because the participants has to understand the risks of the experiment so they are willing to agree on, or in other words, give consent to participate the experiment.

Psychological research has been growing and developing new ways of studying human behavior, collecting knowledge and expanding our understanding of our nature. For instance, studies involving human subjects presented risks for violation of ethical research guidelines, by pushing the limits of human experience (Kim, 2012). Throughout history, there have been numerous studies that elevated this concern, such as the Milgram Experiment of 1963. One of the major ethical raised was that it lacked informed consent from the participants and eventually raised the issue of protecting human subjects. This paper examines the ethical compliance in psychological research and emphasizes the importance of ethics and professionalism by analyzing different

One major ethical issue before a study can be conducted is that participants must give informed consent before they participate. The Nuremburg Code from 1947 says that individuals must give voluntary consent if the study is associated with human subjects (Saks & Allsop, 2007). Therefore, according to the code, the elderly patients have the right to refuse participation and I cannot and do not have the right to influence or ask these patients to participate. Elderly patients must give informed consent before the interviews are conducted and agree to provide information to the study. Ethical approval from the institutional review board on campus will be acquired before the start of the study.

In study 1 parents of participants received and approved an informed consent form. However, in study 2 as in study 3, procedure for the selection of the participants and issues of informed consent were not discussed. Reliability was also high as the results of the experiments were adequately reported. The issue of verifiability is the omission of the information on how subjects were selected and grouped. With regards to independence, this research appears to achieve this principle of demonstrably contributing to scientific research by providing a new way to examine a child-robot

Very true when you say that informed consent is the core of autonomy, because the patient has the right to accept or not the indicated treatment although their decision endangers their lifes. Our responsibility is to educate the patient and family about the accepted benefits the risk and complications and fully express their treatment. “Emancipated minors are persons under the legal age who are no longer under their parents’ control and regulation and who are managing their own financial affairs” (Guido, 2014, p.127). In Puerto Rico it can be signed for people 21 years old and only if these are emancipated or married is when they can decide about their care, people under 21 need the consent of their parents or legal guardian unless it is an

In professional fields, such as psychology there are discrepancies on whether some research methods are ethical. Therefore the key ethical issues in psychological research was

I learned that informed consent is essential when conducting a genomic research and publish individuals and their families’ private genetic information. The individuals and their families have right to know how their genome can be used for science. In Henrietta Lacks case, the European researchers took down their public data, and the publication of the University of Washington paper was stopped due to they did not get family’s permission (Skloot, 2013). I also learned that we should use critical thinking and current knowledge into our practice to meet the needs of patients and their families when we face with ethical issues related to informed consent in genetic research and clinical

In case one, Mrs. G. has the competency and capacity to refuse treatment, therefore the hospital is not legally required to provide care. “Informed consent is an ethical and legal concept that relates to medical decision-making. It’s a generally accepted duty of the care provider, and right of the patient, to obtain informed consent. It can be defined as the process by which the care provider seeks the affirmative allowance of the patient to provide healthcare after apprising the patient of the benefits and risks of the proposed treatment. In this way, the provider respects the autonomy of the patient and their right to determine what happens to them in accordance with their personal values, health beliefs and goals”( Ridley 2001).