Discuss Whether Unbalanced Growth Necessarily Leads to Urban Bias

Stereotypes of urban cities commonly reflect the portrayal of minorities which they are seen as poor and criminals in comparison to the middle and upper Caucasian class. Such stereotypes are an effect of environmental racism. However, to divert from the spread of negative and racist stereotypes, the local government must reflect a better city. In this paper, I am going to explain the benefits of new regionalism in relation to urban cities and minorities. Having influence from Manuel Pastor and Myron Orfield, minorities need attention from their local government to better their lives. I will argue for the practice of sustainable farming for urban cities as a positive reinforcement for urban growth. Sustainable farming provides an

Over the past 25 years, there has been a big migration towards urban areas. This is mainly due to the fact that cities have many resources and organizations that entice those who demand change (Nicholls 4). Many people felt an increase in grievances and consequently went to the city

“gentrification has been and still continues to be a critical task when it comes to urban geography of cities, such as New York City and cities around the world as well” (Smith, pg.129).

Urbanization and Industrialization brought millions of people to growing cities, these growing cities were ill equipped to deal with growing population rate. While some might argue that Industrialization had primarily positive consequences for society because of a surplus of job opportunities, faster production, and more amenities, it was actually a negative thing for society. Industrialization’s negative effects were angersome working conditions, poor quality of life, and child labor.

INTRODUCTION SENTENCE. Edward Glaeser is a Professor of Economics at Harvard University and a journalist for Bloomberg View, therefore he is well versed in the economics of cities, innovation, crime and more. In his widely known published book, "Triumph of the City: How our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier", he illustrates that cities have made civilization more successful with new technology and ideas. In the first chapter of his book, he explains how cities were created through sharing new ideas and technologies between intellectuals, especially when living within close proximities of other innovators, thereupon those within the innovative networks have built institutions to provide an education system to create more alike, and as a result of these key components, cities have helped and will continue to help the world thrive.

Before this class I never gave a second to think about how and why people decide where to live. I thought people went looking for houses and bought the house they liked. I didn’t know all the other factors that went into finding a place to live. But truthfully I didn’t really care. I now believe the interaction of economic development strategies and spatial form in urban environments comes down to three things. It comes down to appealing to different people and cultures, segregation and inequality, and the three T’s of development (technology, talent, and tolerance).

However our cities have developed clear divisions of spatial separation significantly attributable to individual wealth (Baum, Haynes and van Gellecum 1557; Beer and Forster 9). Smets and Salman recognise this as a global phenomenon and propose a causal link to globalisation “deepening… the clefts between urban populations and the urban districts they inhabit” (1307). They go on to note that these rifts are “often connected to social cleavages” (Smets and Salman

The selected articles for the topic of “Cities and social division” deals with a range of trends and challenges cities and urban areas face today, from the phenomenon of gentrification and urban sprawl to the provision of public services such as waste collection and education. The articles frequently explore these topics in the context of their relation to culture, demography, economics, and politics. This paper will explore the convergences and divergences between the articles and their choice of themes, approaches, and sources.

Growth costs more money in taxes and costs more for government services. Growth puts more stain on the majority of the population in health and quality of life, such as increase pollution, traffic, and strain on public works, while distributing the benefits to a small segment of the community. Jobs are not created by growth, but are simply redistributed from and among other localities. Additionally, the fastest growing metropolitan areas have the most unemployment. This happens since labor is extracted from a national labor pool, and growing localities attract the unemployed who are seeking work from other localities. For labor, It is more beneficial for workers to be part of a national movement to promote full-employment, rather than support the local growth machine. Some areas that are not overpopulated have clean environments, sustainable infrastructure, and aesthetic landscapes Yet, successful competition by urban localities only help to promote depopulation, ghost towns, and depletion--or extraction--of resources in and from localities. Molotch highlights that depopulation of an area, thus declining growth, is due to political decisions in other localities to promote

The process of urbanization in the United States “proceeded rapidly during the Industrial Era”. More so, “as more and more opportunities for work appeared in factories, workers left farms to move to the cities”. Evidently, this led “the industrial era [to see] an influx of poor workers into U.S. cities”. Likewise, “post-Civil War southern Blacks to more recent immigrants, have made their way to urban centers to seek a better life in the city”. The growth of urban populations worldwide “was a growth spurt”. This is due to the fact of “the development of factories [that] brought people from rural to urban areas, and new technology increased the efficiency of transportation, food production, and food preservation”. Furthermore, “global favorites

More jobs are available, the development and increase of diversification creates opportunity, there is access to more technologies, consumption rates are at an all time high, and many gaps are being bridged between business people. There is also a much greater deal of innovation and many new opportunities that were not possible before. Although this may be the case here in America, it is not the ultimate reality globally. The relationship between economic development and urbanization is complex. As it is well noted, many studies would conclude that there is a strong positive correlation between the degree of urbanization and it’s result in per-capita income, but this case is only true in those countries that are already developed. In an effort to provide results on urbanization in developed and developing countries together, we must look at urbanization as a whole. Studies show that as a city increases in population by 10% it offers wages that are anywhere from 0.2 to 1% higher. “The conclusion of the agglomeration literature is that there is a causal static effect of cities and urbanization on wages in more advanced economies, but this effect represents only approximately half the measured association between city population or density and wages.” Overall there are many differences between developed and developing countries and some of these key differences may make it harder for cities in these developing countries to reach their full potential

The modern story of developed areas is a move from the inner city to the suburbs. This decentralization of metropolitan areas has left urban areas neglected. Such a transformation has had negative consequences, because it has inherently meant the abandonment of those left behind in urban centers. Furthermore, the issue is complicated by the fact that the distinction between those moving to the suburbs and those left behind has been defined largely by race. As Kain notes,

Humanity’s greatest invention was not fire nor domestication of agriculture according to economist Edward Glaeser; it was the invention of “cities”. Cities allowed for increased face-to-face contact which “leads to more trust, generosity, and cooperation, social, and economic mobility (35). The problem, however, with the greatest invention is it’s’ nemesis: the “Suburbs”. Since the late 1940s the suburbs have been attracting families and businesses, decentralizing the importance of the cities.

Disparities among blacks and whites still persist till this day and as a subsequence have a

My conception of cities has changed this semester due to its unequal environmental burdens and risks, and uneven access to opportunity demands. In “Urbanism as A way of Life,” author Wirth defines a city “as a relatively large, dense, and permanent settlement of socially heterogeneous individuals” (Wirth 90). A city is the organized