Discuss the Relationship Between Sexual Selection and Human Reproductive Behaviour

Albeit, the sexual selection theory is presumed force of natural selection causing individuals to develop reproductive strategies which maximize the like hood of their producing the fittest possible offspring. Otherwise, suggested a competition between males and competition for females as the two most likely mechanism of sexual selection theory.

Evolution or trade over the years takes place through the methods of natural and sexual selection. In response to troubles in our environment, we adapt each physically and psychologically to ensure our survival and replica. Sexual selection principle describes how evolution has shaped us to provide a mating advantage rather than just a survival advantage and happens via two wonderful pathways: intrasexual competition and intersexual choice. Gene choice concept, the modern rationalization behind evolutionary biology, takes place thru the desire for gene replication. Evolutionary psychology connects evolutionary ideas with present day psychology and focuses in general on mental variations: adjustments within the manner we think with the intention to enhance our survival.

He claims that human beings share a common ancestor with other mammals. To start his work, Darwin states that the structure of a human at an early embryonic stage is very similar to the ones of other species which hints that humans and animals are somehow genetically connected. He then asserts that in many species, the males are the most active in courtship and that the decision of whether coupling occurs or not is left to the female. The author believes that man's unconscious selection towards certain caracterisitics would result in offsprings being modified in such a way that the said caracteristic is present in the offsprings. Darwin then claims that the female in many species also plays a role in sexual selection by knowing which caracteristics to look for in a male.

The evolutionary advantage theory proposes that symmetric individuals are attractive because they are particularly healthy, and the perceptual bias theory proposes that symmetric individuals are attractive because the human visual system can process symmetric stimuli of any kind more easily than it can process asymmetric

Darwin's theory of sexual selection is an intriguing one because it offers an explanation of human striving and cultural value systems. The theory is that humans who are more sexually desirable will have more offspring and thus their traits will be passed on to future generations to a greater extent than those of less sexually desirable humans. As opposed to Darwin's other theory, natural selection, those who are the best adapted to their environment will be more likely to pass on their genes, or, "survival of the fittest", you might call sexual selection "survival of the sexiest." The theory is intended to in part explain why, when humans diverged from other primates, the human brain tripled in size

When Darwin coined the term “natural selection” he described another subset of it referred to as “Sexual selection”. Sexual selection can be defined as a special case of natural selection where rather than focusing on traits that serve to aid survival, organisms develop traits and behaviors in efforts to increase mating. Many times, these two efforts come in conflict with each other and tradeoffs arise. A male can be outcompeting another male through overall health and fitness, but be losing when it comes to gaining the females attention. Common examples of this tradeoff include peacocks maintaining elaborate tails but at the same time, making themselves more visible to predators, or fruit flies competing through dances to win the attention

Researchers have developed a mathematical model that made made a shocking prediction. Animals with ornamentation, males with evolve out of the tension between natural selection and sexual selection into two distinct subspecies. The first is with flashy and costly ornaments but it attracts mates better and the second low cost ornaments. In many animals they separate into two subgroups, one showy and one subdued, with very few in the middle. The contrast gives the more ostentatious individual's physical distinction, helping wow mates and promote themselves.

Gentetic variation is why we are all different from one another. Variations come from two main sources. One is mutations, which are random changes in the DNA. This is very common but normally it doesn't have any affect on the organism. Mutations can help or they can also give you illnesses. Mutations for example can change your eye color into a blue even if your parents have brown eyes. However,they can aslo lead to cancer because cells reproduce more than needed. Another is recombination. Recombination has to do with sexual reproduction,random fertilization,and meiosis. With sexual reproduction you need two partners to get together in order to reproduce and create an offspring. Random fertilization is a sperm and egg fuse togehter to create

One of the first and central mechanisms proposed by Darwin during his life was that of "natural selection." Some may refer to this as "survival of the fittest," whereby species that produce offspring have been successful in doing so because they have produced random individual features which have lead them to live longer and pro-create offspring with the same inheritable desired features. Not all individuals will be able to reproduce, therefore only the fittest will…"multiply, vary, let the strongest live and the weakest die," (Darwin, Charles (1968, 1859)) Origin of the Species.

Through his observation of finches, Darwin enumerated the three conditions or traits necessary in order for natural selection to take place. However, these three conditions convey only what was observable at the time, rather than the underlying genetic processes taking place. His first condition was that, “There is variation among individuals.” What Darwin observed was morphological or phenotypical differences, and these in turn produced an individual either better or worse suited to survival and reproduction. Second, “The variation is inherited by offspring,” means that these differences in traits must be able to be passed down to future

A reason that women and men have different views on sex could not be from the evolutionary analysis, but from society. The world has often suppressed women and their sexuality, the discrepancy of what is looked for in a partner between the sexes could be because of this.

This next study, done by Addison in 1989, was performed in an effort to control for attractiveness of the individuals. They selected 114 undergraduate Psychology students, of which 59 were female and 44 were male. Their ages range from 18 to 24, with a mean age of 19. They had them look at 25 pictures from a recent college year book and rank them on six aspects on a ten point scale. These aspects were masculinity, aggressiveness, dominance, attractiveness, intelligence, and strength. Using the ratings that the participants did for attractiveness, the researchers found 8 of the pictures, four with facial hair and four without, that were equal on the attractiveness scale. This made the attractiveness of the males themselves equal, and so any of the variations between the two should be because of the differences in facial hair, not due to the differences in the men’s appearance. Using these eight males the researchers then were able to compare the other five characteristics between the men with and without facial hair. It was found that men with facial hair were seen as being more masculine, dominant, and having more strength with a p value for all of them of less than

Many researchers believe that certain human traits act as a signpost, advertising the fact that the individual has good genes, or is healthy, or just generally great. As such, finding these traits attractive will result in mating with healthy individuals with good genes. Then evolution kicks in, and the advantages of being attracted to these traits (and possessing them) spread throughout our population until it’s a ubiquitous characteristic of humanity. This is sexual selection. The current study set out firstly to investigate whether the optimum level of men’s facial hair growth and vocal pitch might differ depending on whether we assess attractiveness or dominance. Second, the investigate whether the 2 traits might interact in their effects on attractiveness ratings, such that, for example, higher levels of masculinity in one trait might offset lower levels in the other

Humans have traits that can be manipulated to attract the opposite sex. For instance, males’ facial hair can be groom or removed to enhance attractiveness of their facial hair (Janif et al. 2014). However, this practice could be just related to

used to rate either attractiveness or symmetry. In conclusion, the study was able to provide evidence that supported the perceptual bias view.