Discussing Widdicombe and Wooffitt's Suggestions in the Language of Youth Subcultures

The early 1960’s to mid 1970s was the start of the counterculture of youth culture. During the 1960’s, there were revolutions including a sexual revolution, a cultural/ racial revolution, a rights revolution, and student revolutions. In addition to revolutions, there also a focus on the transition to adulthood, popularity, consumption, anxiety, and the media. However the movie, American Graffiti, which was set in the 1962 (1960s)–before the peak of 1960’s counterculture–and released in 1973 (1970’s) displays an environment more focused on the anxiety of transitioning to adulthood, dating, and consumerism--music and cars. American Graffiti compared to the set and release dates share similarities with the counterculture, but are depicted in

In this essay, I will be discussing about a social group that took fashion to the next level and create a huge impact in British history were the punks culture during the late nineteen seventies. The punk cultures were to rebel against the government during the great depression and were all about the attitude of the younger generations. During the late nineteen seventies was the time of unemployment and social unrest, a lot of the young white kids felt outcast from the British culture, foreseeing their lives with little prospect and so called “no future”. It was also a DIY “Do it yourself” movement. Younger generation that adopted the punk look often create their own garment by wearing safety pins,

On the other hand, to Graffin, it was a group that he longed to be apart of and to relate to his sense of self. He has difficulties contributing to his different social groups in which Allport mentions this idea, proclaiming that, “Adolescents may view their neighborhood gang as a far more important in-group than their school” (5). This links the two theories together in a sense that an identity role cannot be without an in-group for an individual to honor that role. The hardships Graffin faces at a young age influences his in-group decisions. The punk group bonds over hardships, sex, drugs, and voices their opinions. The group colors their hair, wears tight jeans, and the color black is often represented. Consistently, they are often found disagreeing or questioning the presence of authority figures because of their strong passion as nonconformists. Nevertheless, as Graffin grows up he changes overtime by keeping the same thoughts on the punk subculture, but he moves on with his life in pursuing education. The poverty and divorced parents are Graffin’s ascribed status, but his achieved status is not only becoming punk. It is also earning his master’s degree and continuing his education. Continuing to care for his subculture lifestyle, he wants to better the punk community to be more of a gateway for people to express emotion. Furthermore, he wants to teach

The attitude common in the subculture is the resistance to selling out, which means abandoning one’s values and changing in musical style toward pop to embrace anything that’s mainstream capitalist culture in the exchange for money, status, or power. Punk rocks’ common thinking wasn’t only anti-authoritarism, and not selling out but also non-conformity, direct action, and a DIY ethic. The DIY attitude was pointed towards stepping forward and speaking without any restraint. To fight with warrior qualities to achieve what you were striving for. The kind of thinking and motives for punk rock subjects was to not settle for what society made acceptable and standard but to think and work outside of the box that was holding them in.

“He [Pearson’s father] would freak out when he read the song titles to the cassettes that my friends and I would shoplift from the mall…He was certain that I’d become a Junkie if I listened to that kind of music. But with an alcoholic wife-beater father who didn’t give a shit about his son I was bound to avoid the cliched, nihilist aspects of punk culture” (Pearson 12).

Music, in the past, has often spelled bad news to society at large. It can challenge norms and invoke a sense of hype in places that modern culture may be uncomfortable with, such as sex, sexuality, and drugs. Personally, when I think of punk music, I see a genre that stands to be individualistic, aggressive, and rebellious. Phrases such as ‘anti-establishment’ also come up. This notion comes from many aspects of punk subculture, including dress, music, performance, and my interpretations.

The peaceful life of the English society of the 1960s was struck by the clashes between the Mods and Rockers. Both Mods and Rockers were called “gangs”, which is a “structure sharing the same ideas, attachments and solidarity” [7]. Every gang usually has its own “interests, activities, membership, and status” [7]. Usually such groups appear spontaneously. Both gangs - Mods and Rockers - “represented opposite tastes with regard to a number of social conventions such as clothing, grooming, music, and so on” [7]. For example, the Mods (modernists) preferred to wear suits and pointed shoes, listen to Jazz and Rhythm & Blues style of music and ride scooters. In their

“The History and Evolution of Rock and Roll” says “The founding fathers of punk were The Ramones who combined anarchism and teenage rage with rock and roll. Other bands such as The Sex Pistols and The Clash helped popularize and redefine punk rock. This powerful and intense new genre of music influenced many bands in the future”. An unfamiliar sound deviated from the typical Rock and Roll and it made Punk which the teenage population identified with. Heavy metal was also a uprising in the early 1970’s.

The authorities might feel threatened their hegemony, therefore they make an objection to confrontational topics and promote their own interests through media that has usually right-wing political nature. The subculture’s creativity involves polemics that try to oppose to traditional moral values; and these creative artists are often comes from young generation who wants to sell their work through provocative themes otherwise a project would not be able to sell itself. Music, for example, Emo- hard-core punk provides example of the criminalisation of culture. It is a youth movement based around clothing, music, and characterize a dark a view of the world. Members of this group adhere to a conventional cult in lifestyle with melancholy and emotions. Emo emerged in mid 1980s as post-hard-core style. Schoolgirl performed suicide because she wanted to impress other people from the emo movement (Alleyne, 2008). In the Daily Telegraph, Alleyne suggests that the authorities blame emo culture for ‘a self-harming youth cult which glamorises death’. The printed media try to associate Emo subculture with something controversial that has an image of a violent result and can lead to anarchy. In this case, the authorities try to make a link between the girl and a music band with its lyrics that might inspire her to commit a

     The punk subculture is often seen as a rebellious group of misguided youngsters who often come from lower class dwellings and haven’t gotten the attention that they needed so they dye their hair, dress differently, and act differently. In Facing The Music edited by Simon Frith, Mary Harron reduced the meaning of punk to “the spectacle of middle-class children dressing up in a fantasy of proletarian aggression and lying desperately about their backgrounds” (History). The flipside to that is that maybe these youths are expressing their individualism and choose to stray away from

There is something about the ideology of a subculture that sparks an interest in me. Maybe it is intriguing due to its members’ originality, courage to stand up for beliefs, or freely expressing their own self- identity. A subculture forms by individuals taking a risk, separating themselves from the mainstream, and forming their own distinctive norms, not caring what the “normal” members of the mainstream society think of them. Or do they care? Maybe that is the exact statement a subculture is making. Maybe these individuals are forming these groups so that people will care. Maybe their rebellious attitude is a final, somewhat desperate approach to getting that response. The images being portrayed in most subcultures are

To see any subculture group which did not fit the norm in following the general rules or adhering to a more traditional day to day lifestyle as the majority of the population, it was natural for mainstream population to make assumptions about these groups without taking the time to understand what message these groups were trying to convey. For example, subculture groups who for attire elected to use dark clothing and demonstrate a less than expressive demeanor could be assumed to be practitioners of the occult or satanic worshipping. This then leads to a bias among the general population against subculture groups with these attributes, with the immediate response being to consider them as dangerous citizens and at times, even bullying them with the intent of punishing them for refusing to conform to mainstream society

There are and have been many counterculture movements throughout history and the world. Countercultures that happen do not have to be big; some can happen within small communities without recognition. This extended essay will be focusing on the 1960’s counterculture movement, specifically

It is argued over whether rock n' roll is a counterculture or not because it was widely popular amongst children and adults alike at it’s prime and ultimately did not present any radically different ideas, but what can’t be argued is rock n' roll’s seniority and perfected tone. While there is much to be said about the bands that proudly wear the label punk or rock n' roll as a button on their acid washed jean vests, something has to be said for the history and subculture that defines each respective genre. Punk refutes social attitudes that have been perpetuated through willful ignorance of human nature, and rock n' roll is just a trend that people followed because of it’s attractive ideal. If it were not for punk, voices as strong and influential as Billie Joe Armstrong or Sid Vicious would never had made an impact on millions of angry citizens who were surfeited of systematic oppression and capitalistic ideals. Counterculture has always been political and driven by the underground, whether it be the Lolita girls of Japan, the Kontrkul’tura movement in Russia, the Nambassa lifestyle in New Zealand, or the Basque Radical Rock movement in Spain, but nothing quite compares to the raw grit and blood that goes into being punk, the ultimately universal counterculture.

Subculture refers to a minority of individuals who adhere to different rules, dress codes and lifestyle choices from mainstream culture. Throughout this essay the traditional definitions of subcultures, that mainly concentrate on class and style as their main features, will be looked at and explained. It will then be demonstrated how these ways of thinking are no longer relevant to the 21st century therefore the term 'subculture ' needs to be rethought for it to be an applicable category in the 21st century.