Discussion chemical Equilibria and kinetics

3. Common observations of a chemical reaction are described in the introduction section. For each observation, name a common or everyday occurrence that must involve a chemical reaction?

Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy. To be more specific, the enzymes have a pocket called an active site where substrates, which are the reactants of the reaction, can bind to. Once they are bound, the complex is called an enzyme-substrate complex. The catalytic action of the enzyme converts the substrate to products by stretching, stressing, and bending bonds to break them and make it easier to get to the transition state where the molecules can form new bonds. The amount of free energy needed to go forth with the reaction decreases, as a result.

In chemical reactions bonds must be broken and new bonds must be formed. In order for this to occur the bonds must be made less stable. For bonds to become less stable a small input of energy is required and this is

Enzymes are a protein that replicates a catalyst which helps chemical reactions begin to move without the enzymes being changed in the process. Enzymes work to complete only one task. But there are a variety of different enzymes in the body that each one has their specific task to complete. Something that enzymes do is they are used in making foods, used for digestion. Many of the chemical reactions in the body have a bunch of energy in them when they happen, which means it can occur in a faster amount of time. Enzymes speed up a reaction by lowering the activation energy. An inhibitor makes the reaction slow down. In this experiment we are testing how three factors affect a chemical reaction. We will be representing different objects or materials as the enzyme. We will use three objects or body part: a taped hand, a hand with a tennis ball in it, and a rendered hand. The importance of this experiment is to see how three different elements affect the chemical rate of a chemical reaction.

Chemical reactions occur every day almost continuously, both in the natural world outside as well as inside living organisms. These reactions occur at varying speeds, but are usually considerably slow. Some reactions can take as long as seven years for the molecules to undergo the reaction process (Berenbaum 153-154). However, with the presence of an enzyme in the reaction, this process speeds up considerably. A reaction that takes seven years to complete, now takes less than a second to finish (Berenbaum 154). With the help of these enzymes, chemical reactions are sped up to where they are able to help with the natural processes of the world.

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy for a reaction to undergo. Only a small amount of collisions between

According to the collision theory, the rate of a reaction depends on the frequency of collisions between reacting particles. The more frequent the collisions, the faster the rate of the reaction. However, in order for the collisions to be effective, the particles must collide with sufficient energy (activation energy). Furthermore, the particles must collide with the proper orientation.

Throughout the world, chemical reactions are taking place to either achieve a specific purpose or prevent a specific outcome. These reactions can be as simple as boiling water to pour a coffee in the morning or as complex as industrial level biochemistry. Whether you are aware of it or not, you create numerous amounts of chemical reactions every day. According to the collision theory, a chemical reaction will occur if two or more molecules collide with the right amount of energy and the right orientation. The energy that is required from the collision depends on the molecules and can be referred to as activation energy.

absorbed to contort or weaken the bonds in reactant molecules so that they ca break and new bonds

We observed that reactions have many different ways to take

In living organisms, chemical reactions are catalyzed with the help of molecules called enzymes. These molecules, which are proteins, all have a specific shape. This shape directly relates to the function of the enzyme. Enzyme’s fulfill their catalytic function by lowering a chemical reaction’s activation energy. They do this by binding to a substrate, the molecule(s) the enzyme will react with, at the enzyme’s active site.

The Effect Temperature and Concentration Have on a Reaction We must produce a piece of coursework investigating the rates of

Chemical reactions hardly ever complete at a definite end point. Instead, they reach a state of equilibrium at a given temperature where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. This point of equilibrium is known as the Keq value and can be defined as the ratio of the concentration of products to the concentration of reactants at equilibrium. The value of the equilibrium constant also suggests whether the equilibrium favors the products or reactants. A Keq value larger than one means that the equation favors the products, whereas a Keq value smaller than one signals that the reaction favors the reactants in the reaction. Furthermore, the equilibrium constant is unique in that it should remain the same even with

In the second exercise how the concentration of enzyme affects the rate of the reaction was tested. Along with a chemical reaction, an enzyme forms a product. If the substrate of the concentration is unlimited the reaction will increase. The rate of a chemical reaction is affected by the total number of enzymes as well as the concentration of substrates (Beals, Gross, Harrell, 1999.) We hypothesized that more enzyme means a faster reaction time; the null hypothesis was that the enzyme reaction would have no effect on the reaction rate.

C2.2: Chemical Potential Energy Potential energy is stored whenever work must be done to change the distance between two objects. The attraction between the two objects may be gravitational, electrostatic, magnetic, or strong force. Chemical potential energy is the result of electrostatic attractions between atoms. C3.3: Heating Impacts Heating increases the kinetic (translational, rotational, and vibrational) energy of the atoms composing elements and the molecules or ions composing compounds. As the kinetic