Disease Report : Chagas Disease

Fever, swelling around initial infection site, parasites in blood, sometimes asymptomatic, rarely debilitating or life threatening problems can occur.

Once anyone gets a bite from a mosquito the side effects and symptoms won´t start showing up until 3-15 days after the initial bite, that is only if the mosquito was infected. Some cases are a lot worse than others (Centers). The mild or less severe case would be a headache and a fever. The more severe case would be headache, fever, body ache, swollen lymph glands, and in the worst possible scenario, death. No one can help weather you get a really bad case of

The incubation periods ranges from 3-30 days, the first symptoms usually appears in 7-14 days after the bite. Whereas this disorder can be asymptomatic, typical symptoms include fever, migratory polyarthralgia, headache, myalgia, fatigue and a characterized isolated skin called lesion that progress with its multiplication. If left untreated, the disease can affect the joints, the heart, and nervous system, that may exhibit neurological findings including meningitis and other neuropathies(Goolsby, Grubbs, & Goolsby, 2014)("Lyme Disease| Lyme Disease | CDC,"

First, this disease showed tons of symptoms, the symptoms developed between two to seven days after the person is infected, but the symptoms in the east were different. Where it began in both women and men with swelling in the groin, on a victim's neck, or under the armpit, which grew to the size of an apple, also blood gushing from the nose. The people with this disease most likely died in about three days. Most of them died without any

Woman and men had swelling in the groin or under armpit, it was the size of an egg. This infected area would have pus or blood is oozing out. Some of the other effects are vomiting, diarrhea, aches in the body, or having a fever. After the symptoms change black or purple spots are found on the body. Sooner or later the person with the disease will die.

The reddish-purple rash usually appears 3–5 days after the first symptoms begin. The rash often starts on the wrists and ankles. It may then spread to the palms, the soles of the feet, the legs, and the trunk.

The first stage involves the hallmark of the disease, having a bullseye like rash known as erythema migrans at the site of the bite, and also flu like symptoms such as fatigue, fever, and headache. Not all individuals experience the erythema migrans so it is not a required finding for the diagnosis of the disease. If left untreated, the disease will advance to the second stage. The second stage is known as the early disseminated stage, and is when the infection has progressed to other areas of the body. It can involve additional erythema migrans on different parts of the body, Bell’s palsy, inflammation of the spinal cord, swelling the joints, and heart palpitations. Like other spirochete infections, such as syphilis, the disease can have various asymptomatic periods (Bhate, 2011). The third stage, can result in arthritic bouts and neurological issues such as numbness in different parts of the body and/or short term memory

Well there are many symptoms. Often times they very but common symptoms include buboes in places like the neck, armpits, and what I think would be the worst the groin. These buboes ooze pus and blood when opened and reach the size of an average apple. Then acute fever occurs and blood being vomited. The average person will die within two to seven days.

In the chronic phase, because of low and probably intermittent parasitemia, diagnosis relies on serologic detection of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that bind to T cruzi antigens (see Fig. 4A). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence, and indirect hemagglutination are most common methods used. Two positive results from any of these 3 conventional techniques are recommended for a final diagnosis.

Our plan is to run blood tests on individuals who exhibit symptoms of FSGS to confirm if they express the APOL1 gene. The individuals whose blood we use, since we have to take both likelihood of affliction and ancestry into consideration, will be from people who are of West African descent. In order to confirm if the individual expresses the APOL1 gene, we will first take the individual’s blood sample, large enough to have a detectable amount of HDL cholesterol (potentially formed into an APOL1-HDL complex). We will then acquire a sample of the parasite. The parasite will be acquired by gathering the various species of Tsetse flies which serve as vectors for trypanosomes in West Africa. We can then cultivate a live axenic sample of

Besides Mexico, MSF has another important Chagas program in the regions of Aiquile, Omereque, and Pasorapa in Bolivia. A province of one of these regions in the year 2009 was estimated to have a disease prevalence as high as 40%. Through this program, MSF worked with community clinics and health center to diagnosed and treat patients age 1 to 60 (MSF, 2016). Through the diagnosis in programs like the ones in Bolivia and Mexico, a more accurate view on the number of people who actually suffer from Chagas disease and determine the different groups that suffer from this disease and who require different types of treatment. By having current information of the prevalence of this disease and having a greater demand on medication and on new treatment forms, it would break the vicious cycle, and will require pharmaceutical companies to actually spend in research and

Four stages of this parasite have been identified the first stage is the penetration phase which is day 1-17 during this stage the larvae moves into the body of the animal and moves to the lungs. The second stage which is the prepatent phase which is day 8-25

People can also be infected by this destructive disease. Their symptoms are things like a fever, headache, and loss of appetite. These people also have a terrible itching and burning at the

Biological transmission occurs when the pathogen reproduces within a biological vector that transmits the pathogen from one host to another . Arthropods are the main vectors responsible for biological transmission. For example, hemipterans (called “kissing bugs” or “assassin bugs”) transmit Chagas disease to humans by defecating when they bite, after which the hu-man scratches or rubs the infected feces into a mucous membrane or break in the

     Transmission of the parasite can occur in several different ways. Direct transmission can occur by handling infected animal or human feces. One quarter of reported direct transmission infections occurred by direct contact with feces, while the rest were reported to have happened by person to person contact (Donnelly & Stentiford, 1997).