Diseases Are Bodily Disorders Caused By Organisms Like Bacteria, Viruses And Protozoans ( Pruthi ) Essay

* The Sudan Ebolavirus was the second species of Ebola emerging simultaneously with the Zaire virus. It was believed to have originated amongst cotton factory workers in Nzara, Sudan. The most recent outbreak occurred in May 2004 in Yambio County, Sudan. The average fatality rates for SEBOV were 54% in 1976, 68% in 1979, and 53% in 2000 and 2001.

The Ebola virus was first discovered in the year 1976 in Africa. Since then, there have been

Currently, Ebola is mainly being spread in West Africa. So far, about 4,000 to 5,000 people have been infected with Ebola. Ebola is spreading throughout West Africa because of the hygiene and culture in the countries in that region. “To stop the spread of Ebola, the World Health Organization is coordinating the construction and staffing of treatment centers across Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea.” -New York Times.

In late 2013, Ebola virus disease (EVD), a deadly and lethal disease, remerged in West Africa spreading to various countries in the region. In humans, the disease is spread through contact with infected bodily fluids leading to haemorrhagic fever (World Health Organization [WHO], 2015). Originating in 1976 in equatorial Africa, past outbreaks with a few hundred cases had been contained within rural, forested areas in Uganda and Congo (Piot, 2012). In 2014, a total of 20, 206 cases and 7,905 deaths were reported to have occurred in up to eight countries worldwide. Of all cases and deaths resulting from the disease, 99.8% occurred in three neighbouring West African countries - Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea (WHO, 2014). With a case fatality rate from about 50% to 90%, and the absence of preventative or curative therapies, the Ebola epidemic has led to overall global alarm and further elucidated existing global health disparities that perpetuated the epidemic with these West African countries.

First discovered in the 1970’s, the ebola virus was contained to West Africa (“About Ebola Virus Disease”). Villagers’ diets consisted primarily of the resources readily available. Among these resources were fruit, vegetables, and animals, namely monkeys. Monkeys carried the ebola virus, and when people ate them, without proper cleaning and cooking techniques, they became infected. Ebola, formally known as Zaire Ebola Virus, is transmitted through bodily fluids like saliva, blood, semen, breast milk, mucus, sweat, tears, feces and urine. ("Ebola in West Africa."). Since it was introduced to a third world country, where hygiene is not regarded as important as survival. Without education, protection and segregated sewage, the virus began to spread. In days people were dying after spreading the virus to those closest to them (Waterman). The bodies, though dead, were still harboring the virus and

It showed up in Marburg, Germany in 1967; Preston acknowledges that, “The virus erupted in a factory called The Behring Works, which produced vaccines using kidney cells from African green monkeys” (Preston 35). This was perhaps one of the many opportunities that Marburg received to change species and infect humans; before then Ebola had only been present in Monkeys. Another opportunity arose in Africa inside Kitum Cave, where Ebola seemed to have infected multiple people (Preston 140). It is not known exactly what infected the people who visited Kitum Cave, however, there is strong evidence the disease is harbored inside the

While Ebola is not an airborne virus, it can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected person’s fluids, such as blood, urine, vomit, sweat, semen and sexual contact (Nevins, 2014). With these deadly symptoms and ease of transmission, the Ebola virus can quickly wipe out an entire community. Yet, scientists have found that the severity of the disease in humans varies widely, from rapid fatality to mild illness or even asymptomatic response, further complicating the ability to quickly identify infected patients and reduce the possibility of transmission (Kolata, 2014). Moreover, the virus has different strains and mutates according to the specific environmental conditions in which it exists (Peters et al., 1991).

Ebola was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River which is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. There are five identified ebola virus species: Ebola virus (Zaire ebolavirus); Sudan virus (Sudan ebolavirus); Taï Forest virus (Taï Forest ebolavirus); and the Bundibugyo virus (Bundibugyo ebolavirus). The fifth, Reston virus (Reston ebolavirus), causes disease in nonhuman primates. There have been ebola outbreaks in Africa starting in 1976 and lasting until 2016. These outbreaks have occurred as a result of human to human contact with bodily fluids which happens mostly during funerals of the deceased and population migration between countries. Patterns between outbreaks could potentially

Despite modest health improvements in the decade or so following the end of active conflict, the 2014-2015 Ebola epidemic revealed ongoing systemic issues. The global involvement in the Mano River region countries, and particularly the role of the World Health

Sierra Leone was the area highest hit by Ebola currently as of the 17th of January, 2016 out 15216 laboratory confirmed cases 8705 of those were from Sierra Leone. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016) It not been where this Ebola outbreak started but when it got there, it hit the area hard. More cases steadily showed up until its peak somewhere around October to December of 2014. The cases from there quickly declined and the outbreak settled down. On November 7th of 2015, the World Health Organization officially declared Sierra Leone Ebola free. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016) This outbreak was unfortunately hard to control with little knowledge and preparation to be available to deal with it in

Ebola virus first appeared in 1976 in Nzara, Sudan and Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo, later occurred in a village near the Ebola River, from which he disease takes its name. Current out break West Africa cases as early as March 2014 in Guinea, Sierra Leone and

In 2014, the most widespread Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic had infected more than 28,000 people in ten countries. It has taken more than 11,000 lives since the disease was first discovered in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 1976, according to World Health Organization.

Ebola has disseminated through six countries, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, United States, and Mali, killing 11,215 people, 21 months after the first case in March 23, 2014. The outbreaks in Nigeria and Senegal are officially over. However, Sierra Leone and Guinea’s outbreaks were larger which took more time. But Sierra Leone was declared Ebola-free on November 17,2014 and Guinea followed in December. In addition, Liberia had the worst outbreak, killing more than 4800 people. During August and September 2014, Liberia was announcing 30-40 cases per week. The outbreak was declared over until a 17-year old man died and more cases were reported. Also, Nigeria revealed its first case in July and Mali reported its first Ebola patient on

The Ebola spread from Guinea to Liberia and Sierra Leone after the announcement from both HealthMap and WHO highlighted the lack of tools, infrastructure and resources available in West Africa, charity organisations and other health and government agencies began researching information on Ebola and the current medical products and technologies available and proceeded to plan financial requirements to consider the purchasing of essential resources and the possibility of patient payment methods (Shoman, Karafillakis, & Rawaf, 2017). During this investigating stage many researchers began to conclude how the Ebola outbreak occurred which was attributed to poor surveillance, language barriers causing poor communication and limited public health

The Ebola Haemorrahagic Fever, or Ebola for short, was first recognized as a virus in 1967. The first breakout that caused the Ebola virus to be recognized was in Zaire with 318 people infected and 280 killed. There are five subtypes of the Ebola virus, but only four of them affect humans. There are the Ebola-Zaire, Ebola-Sudan, Ebola-Ivory Coast and the Ebola-Bundibugyo. The fifth one, the Ebola-Reston, only affects nonhuman primates. The Ebola-Zaire was recognized on August 26, 1976 with a 44 year old schoolteacher as the first reported case. The Ebola-Sudan virus was also recognized in 1976 and was thought to be that same as Ebola-Zaire and it is thought to have broken out in a cotton factory in the Sudan. The Ebola-Ivory Coast was