Diseases: Otitis Media with Effusion Essay

The ear is made up of three areas: the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear is very important for collecting sound waves. It is made up of the pinna and the ear canal. The pinna, the actual physical outward appearance of the ear, receives sound waves and begins to funnel them into the ear canal.

The middle ear consists of three bones, the malleus, incus, and stapes. The tensor teympany which is a muscle that attaches to the malleus bone, as well as the stapes which is a muscle which attaches to the stapes bone. These muscles help to keep the bone off of the membrane that they are on to stop damage from loud noise. And lastly there is a Eustachian tube which is the middle ear as well it helps with pressure.

The middle ear has three ossicles (tiny bones) the hammer, the anvil, and the stirrup that connect the middle ear to the inner ear. When sound enters your middle ear, it causes the ossicles to vibrate. These vibrations then move into the cochlea, which is filled with fluid. When the vibrations move the fluid that is in the cochlea, it stimulates tiny hair cells that respond to different frequencies of sound. After the tiny hair cells are stimulated, they direct the frequencies of sound into the auditory nerve, as nerve impulses. (ASHA 2013)

Acute Otitis Media (AOM), inflammation or infection of the middle ear, is an illness most parents have had experience with. Countless hours of lost sleep and worry secondary to their child’s pain and distress can keep even the most seasoned parents awake at night. Before the age of 36 months, 83% of children will experience 1 or more ear infections and AOM is the most common reason for office visits of preschoolers in the United States (Zhou, Shefer, Kong & Nuorti, 2008). The graphic below serves as a review of evidence and explores the usefulness of the information in relation to the option of watchful waiting in the management of AOM.

▸ Otitis Media is an infection of the middle ear and is most common in children because of the shape

Otitis externa is cellulites of the external auditory canal. The most common pathogens include, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bullous myringitis is inflammation of the tympanic membrane; common pathogen is Streptococcus pneumoniae. Acute otitis media in an acute infection of the middle ear; most common pathogen includes S pneumoniae and H influenza (35-45%). The third most pathogen is M catarrhalis (15-18) and the fourth most common pathogen is Streptococcus pyogenes.

Just like the eyes the ears also have a good amount of layers. The first layer is the outer ear that is made from skin and cartilage, and due to its curvy shape our ears are able to catch the sound. The sound then travels from the outer ear to the tympanic membrane, this membrane forms the eardrum and vibrates in order to respond to sound waves. From the membrane the sound moves to the inner ear, the inner ear has three very small bones. These small bones send the sound information to the brain through the auditory nerve.

A condition of the middle ear and it mainly affects the stapes (tiny stirrup) bone is considered as otosclerosis. When the bones (ossicles) combine together into an immovable mass, and does not transmit sound as well as when they are more flexible. It can also affect the other ossicles, the malleus and incus, and the otic capsule as well. Otosclerosis can cause gradual hearing loss and severe inner pain of the ear. Hearing aids and surgery are the best treatments.

Otitis Media is a condition that involves the middle ear that presents with inflammation. Otitis Media with effusion can result with transudation from the middle ear vessels that can lead to chronic effusion if symptoms are not present (Dunphy, Winland-Brown, Porter, & Thomas, 2015). Acute otitis media often presents with purulent drainage in the middle ear, fever, otorrhea, and otalgia. Chronic OM is present when the inflammation occurs over 3 months. Approximately 75% of children by their third birthday will experience otitis media (Dunphy et al., 2015). By the school age years approximately 80-90% of children will have otitis media with effusion (Harmes, Blackwood, Burrows, Cooke, Harrison, & Passamani, 2013). Risks factors for this condition include: age, allergies, viral infections, exposure to environmental factors such as smoke or other irritants, day care, family history of

A disease that affects more than three million Americans, otosclerosis is a disease of the bones of the inner and middle ear. The smallest bone in the human body, the stapes, is the bone that is affected by otosclerosis. Bone remodeling is a natural, life-long process in which bone tissue regenerates itself by growing new tissue, replacing the old tissue. However, with otosclerosis the stapes go through abnormal bone remodeling, which disrupts the ability of sound to move through the middle to the inner ear. This is because the growth that develops on the stapes causes it to become fixed, which keeps it from vibrating. If the stapes can’t move freely and vibrate, the vibrations from sound can no longer travel into the inner ear, impairing the person’s hearing.

We all know ear infections are horrible. Ear Infections are also known as Otitis media. When an abrupt infection occurs , the condition is called “ acute Otitis media .“ This can occur when you have a cold or allergies . Bacteria and Viruses can lead to the accumulation of pus

The first flash video shows the outer part of the ear (pinna) that serves as the funnel catching the sound and the ear canal that carries the sound to the eardrum (tympanic membrane). The second flash video shows the eardrum that vibrates as the acoustic energy (sound) hits it, transforming the acoustic energy into mechanical energy. The third flash video shows the middle part of the ear, housing the Ossicular Chain (incus, malleus, and stapes) that moves as the mechanical energy is transferred to the chain from the vibration of the eardrum. The movement of stapes (last bone in the chain) causes the round window to move. The fourth flash video models the transfer of the mechanical energy into hydraulic energy within the cochlea as the round window vibrates with the stapes (from the Ossicular Chain).

This pinna is more or less oval shaped, flexible and can vary in size. Due to the fact that there are only few muscles in the area of the external ear, humans need to turn their heads towards the sound source location, in order to achieve a more accurate detection of the position of this sound source. As far as the middle ear is concerned, its purpose is to transform the energy of a sound wave into internal vibrations, which take place in the bone structure of the middle ear and ultimately transform these vibrations into a compressional wave, which will be received by the inner ear. The middle ear could be described as an air-filled cavity that consists of the eardrum and 3 tiny interconnected bones (in fact, they’re the smallest bones of our body), the well-known the hammer, anvil, and stirrup, which serve to amplify the vibrations. What actually happens there, is that the compression of the sound wave forces the eardrum inward, while a rarefaction forces the eardrum outward, thus vibrating the eardrum at the same frequency of the sound wave. After the eardrum’s vibrations are passed through the middle ear bones, they go on to the cochlea. Basically, the movements of the eardrum are connected to the hammer and as a result, those movements set the hammer, anvil and stirrup in motion, at the same frequency of the sound wave, as we said

The ear is made up of three parts, the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinnae. Its function is to focus sound on the tympanic membrane. The middle ear is where the three ossicles are containes, the Malleus, Incus,

In case of clearly established bacterial infection to otorhinolaryngological evaluation or in the event of persistence of fever with painful symptomatology after the first 72 hours the antibiotic is necessary. Generally they use broad-spectrum antibiotics properly administered daily dose and duration. In the event of repeated infections, and in close suspicion of insufficient efficacy, sensitivity testing provides information useful sull'antibiotico to which the beat is sensitive or sull'antibiotico more effective for therapeutic treatment.