Dishonors Double Standards

Throughout early history, civilizations often sought to receive resources from afar to sustain their societies and keep themselves thriving, and to this end trade relations and eventually trade routes began to emerge. This aided civilizations in their discovery of foreign items that they may use to better their societies. These items traded ranged from complex technology to something as simple as nutmeg. The main trade routes that were utilized in East and South Asia were the silk road and the Indian Ocean Trade Network. In the 7th- 12th centuries, both the silk road and Indian ocean trade route had affected east and south Asia by the introduction of religions such as Buddhism changing government forms and altering the belief systems of society and changing how individuals live their daily lives, however differences were present in the impact that these routes had on daily lives, such as the Indian Ocean Trade Route giving rise to an entire new culture in Africa known as the Swahili and leading to the innovation of the sailing boat known as the Dhow, and the silk road led to the transmission of religion and resources throughout Eurasia and it led to utilization of caravans and animals as a means of trade.

Across the globe, women of all walks of life are constantly oppressed by their male counterparts, shamed for actions frowned upon simply because of the double standards they are assigned since birth. In many cultures, women are viewed below men, and as a result they are forced to cater to all of the unfair expectations that men demand from them. One of the most popular and universal expectations is the belief that a woman must retain her virginity until marriage. In Half The Sky, women who disobeyed these unwritten laws of society faced the most extreme and harsh consequences. In one instance, a girl named Du’a Aswad went out late with a boy, and didn’t return until the morning. It was immediately assumed that she had slept with him, despite

The scope of this research is focused only on FGM for among all the kinds/types of mutilation, FGM are the most studied and controversial kind/type of mutilation.

After reading this chapter I put my culture into perceptive and what I have experienced that can relate to cultural and historical trauma.

Oversight is an important key to legislature. In the government, legislature deals with the “paradox of oversight.” Most of what legislatures generally do is oversight, though when ranking prime concerns, it is lowly ranked to them. They care more about dealing with issues and passing new pieces legislation. The topics they are actually dealing with do not give good information about true administrative problems.

The first news publication that we will be analyzing is an article titled “Anatomy of Female Genital Mutilation” written by Michelle Roberts (2014) of BBC News. This article begins to inform the readers about what female genital mutilation is exactly. According to Roberts (2014) female genital mutilation is defined as, “any procedure that harms the female genital organs for non-medical purposes”. The article continues to inform its readers that among the stages of female genital mutilation, the most severe one includes when a woman’s clitoris is removed, then her genitals are stitched together so that the female does not have or enjoy sex. As girls, grow up to bear children, during labor and delivery, she is again unstitched

Empirical evidence shows that Muslim culture is highly religious and there is little distinction between religion and leadership. The leaders are governed by religious doctrines in handling their tasks, and thus, the various regulations that govern morality and other activities in the society draw heavily from the Koran teachings. Therefore, it can be argued that the honor killings are made in the name of God as Allah is righteous and expects his people to be clean (Awwad 54). Any act that may bring sins to a family should be eradicated to maintain righteousness before the eyes of Allah. Consequently, a man takes the responsibility of ensuring that morality is upheld in the society by killing the disgraceful characters in defense of the religion. However, there is another category of people who believe that honor killings are just societal a code that is based on the interest of discouraging infidelity and sex before marriage in the society. A lady who gets married before losing her innocence brings honor to her father and her husband (Faqir 70). Therefore, attempts to maintain the honor makes people engage in honor killings to prevent people from engaging in such sexual activities out of the defined boundaries. Any deviation from expectation willingly or unknowingly leads to dire consequences. For example, a girl who loses

Although this is difficult to fathom without casting judgement, it can help us to further understand the cultures in which this is practiced. In these societies how honorable your family name is, is a very important factor in life. If a women were to dishonor her family by acting without their permission, it is considered very disrespectful and shameful on the family. Also in these cultures, men have a patriarchal role in the family and in marriages, and have more freedom and rights than their women counterparts. They are the ones that continue the family name and therefore are held at greater value. Women are essentially considered worthless and socially below the men in this society. This is the main reason why the men are rarely the victims of honor killings. In an article in which Islam condones the act of honor killing it says, “Family guardians will say that they are merely following the directives set down in their Islamic ethical beliefs.” In this culture it makes sense, and is of the utmost importance to remove “the stain” of

Throughout history, there has been a controversial argument on whether female genital mutilation should be banned from Africa. Some people describe female genital mutilation or FGM as a violation of women’s rights and others view it as served for a religious purpose having to do with the Islamic holy book, the Qur’an. Female Genital Mutilation is the removal of all or part of the external parts of the female genitalia. There are three different types of FGM; the first type of FGM is the Sunna Circumcision which is the removal of the tip of the clitoris. The second type is Clitoridectomy which is the removal of the entire clitoris and the adjacent labia. The third type is Infibulation which is the removal of the clitoris and the entire labia including the labia majora and minora. After the removal of the entire labia, the joining of the scraped sides are brought together using thorns or catgut, leaving only a small portion open for menstruation and urinating. Africa has the highest rates of FGM being performed. About 100 million women and girls are affected by FGM and at least 3 million girls are at risk undergoing this process every year. FGM is usually carried out by an elderly woman who is paid fees from the family of the girl undergoing this process (P.a.p.-Blog par. 2, 4). Female Genital Mutilation is usually performed on girl between the ages of three and adulthood. According to the UNICEF or United

Female genital mutilation (FGM) can be viewed as barbaric in the way the procedure is carried out. It involves partial or the whole removal of the external female genitalia or injuries to the female genitalia or organs for non-medical reasons. It disrupts the natural functions of the girls’ or women’s bodies due to the removal or damaging healthy and normal female genital tissue. This procedure triggers a series of real life consequences, starting with the excruciating pain, immediate, and long-term health consequences, which includes difficulties in childbirth, also causing dangers to the child (Health Topics: Female genital mutilation, 2014). “About 140 million girls and women worldwide are living with the consequences of FGM, which is mostly carried out on young girls between infancy and age 15” (Tran, 2014). So the question is, Is genital

Honor killings happen when someone, the majority being women and girls, is perceived to have brought shame or disgrace upon her family by choosing to follow through with an action that goes against family customs, traditions or expectations. According to Shelby (2016) these actions can include, engaging in sexual activity or simply conveying a feeling of being sexual with someone of the opposite sex, even if a female is raped, choosing clothing, a job or education, opposing family’s choice for husband and/or wanting to leave or flee a marriage.

     Many of us never heard of Female Genital Mutilation until the story of Kauziya Kasinga, a woman from West Africa. Her father did not believe in polygamy, forced marriage, or "female circumcision". He died when she was 17 and the father's sister inherited the home, banished the mother, ended Fauziya's schooling, and

Kiran and Dr. Mamsa, explain that egotistical behavior, drug addiction, and lack of empathy, education, and wisdom are factors that lead to honor killings. Because there are no capital punishments for murdering in the name of honor, men have more power to kill and less reason to take the issue seriously. Dr. Sobia believes that men are subject to society’s perception. She states, “the words ‘you are a man, she is your honor, death is better than such humility’ provoke them [men]”. Another psychologist, Dr. Saba, views some men with low self-esteem and lack of satisfaction with their lives. When women are successful, they can hurt men’s egos which causes men to feel jealous/resentful and abuse

Imagine this! Being either a young girl or a woman forcefully bound against your will while elders perform a procedure called Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). The young girls and women who are forced to have this procedure done not only loses their rights to sexual pleasure but their rights are sliced, chopped, punctured, and finally burnt away. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) otherwise known as Female Genital Circumcision (FGC) is also a controversial topic in Western societies. This paper will examine the history of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), hegemonic perspective on Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), health consequences of having this procedure done, how Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) affects women’s sexual function, and women who

Honour Killing’ is a cultural crime or a cultural tradition prevalent amongst non-Caucasian Societies which perceive women as bearers of family honour. 'Honour Killing ' of women can be defined as acts of murder in which 'a woman is killed for her actual or perceived immoral behavior. Indian cultures are very deep rooted. An honour killing (also called a customary killing) is the murder of a (typically female) family or clan member by one or more fellow (mostly male) family members, in which the perpetrators (and potentially the wider community) believe the victim to have brought dishonour upon the family, clan, or community. Many young people in India have been done to death every year owing to ‘Honour Killings.’ It is because so called honour killings are based on the belief, deeply rooted in Indian cultures, which consider the women as objects and commodities, and not as human beings endowed with dignity and rights. Most honour killings occur in countries like India where the concept of women is considered as a vessel of the family reputation. This paper is an attempt to tackle the very important issue of a cultural crime that is magnifying day by day like a monster untamed. The Khap