Disseminated Disease Introduction

Poor hand hygiene - spread of germs from one patient to another or spread for hands to surfaces.

Anatomy of an Epidemic: Magic Bullets, Psychiatric Drugs, and the Astonishing Rise of Mental Illness in America is my chosen book to for the class. Following excerpts and reviews, the book challenges the darker side of medications and what they exactly do to patients. The number of mentally ill has been highest in the past two decades, and it not only plagues adults, but children as well. One would think that the advancements in medicine would prevent this statistic going up, but it has not. Robert Whitaker investigates into the matter and explains the dangers of the medications, such as anti-depressants.

There are a lot of governmental bodies that regulate social and economic businesses and have a lot impact on agencies with their rules, laws, and regulations. One of the given industries that impacts or societal and health in a lot of ways would be the The Centers for Disease Control. This regulatory agency would fall under Public Health and The Occupational safety and Health Department.

Explain two ways you help in preventing the spread of pathogens on a daily basis. (4 Points)

The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) has recently noted several model antibiotic-resistant bacteria strains with redesigned capabilities in pathogenesis, transmission and resistance. These several strains, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species, have been given the acronym-based title of the ESKAPE Pathogens. These strains of bacteria compromise one of the biggest threats faced by physicians today not because of the infectious and devastating illnesses they lead to, but because of their ability to resist antibiotics in the healthcare setting. Failure for industries, academia and government to cooperate and develop research/development operations has left healthcare providers one-step behind in the fight against these new brands of infectious diseases. A lack of research/development operations has left the healthcare industry with antiquated antibiotics no longer capable of targeting and eradicating these microorganisms in human systems.

The contagious diseases acts of 1864, 1866 and 1869 gave police the right to arrest and

Diagnosing tuberculosis infection in individuals who are not ill is primarily done with a tuberculin skin test that is read by a healthcare worker in 48 to 72 hours. Positive skin tests are an indication that the individual has been exposed to the tuberculosis germ. Additional testing such as chest x-rays or sputum cultures are needed to detect active disease. Latent TB infection is treated with anti-tubercular medications for a period of six to nine months. Bacille-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a vaccine used in many countries outside of the United States. However, individuals who have had this vaccine can still develop TB. (cdc.gov)

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that have been around on planet Earth for over 3.5 billion years and are found everywhere and anywhere you touch. Some bacteria can be healthy to the human body while some can “attack” and cause infectious diseases to be spread. Most bacteria located on surfaces are the cause or starting point for the majority of common illnesses. For example the flu, cold, gastrointestinal disease (diarrhea, stomach flu, salmonella infection), streptococcal infections, and meningitis. The most common place to spread germs can be in schools, offices, and other public places where multiple people have contact with objects. So, that is why it is important to decrease amounts of bacteria on surfaces to prevent the spread

Throughout the 1800s, there were many different laws, acts, and regulation put in place by Parliament that concerned prostitution, health, sexual violence, and homosexuality. In 1864, Parliament passed the Contagious Diseases Acts. This act allowed for police officers to arrest any woman suspected of being a prostitute in certain places across London. These women were then mandated by law and subjected to checks for venereal disease. Often, these women would be sent to a Lock Hospital, a dedicated clinic for treating diseases like syphilis. The original Lock Hospital was also known as The Female Hospital and Lock

who is at exposure for staph infections?Anyone can exhibit a staph contagion, although certain groups of relations are at major risk, inclose newborn infants, breastfeeding females, and people with inbred qualification such as diabetes, malignancy, vascular disease, and lung illness. Injecting drug users, those with cheat injuries or disorders, intravenous therapy catheters, surgical incisions, and those with a decline immune system due either to disease or a result of unhurt put down medications all have an increased peril of underdeveloped staph infections.Is a staph infection contagious?Staph infections are poisonous until the contagion has determined. Direct contactor with an corrupt sorrel or wound, or with essential-care article such

Spinal tuberculosis accounts for half of the cases of musculoskeletal tuberculosis. The destructive form of tuberculosis almost always produces kyphosis and lordosis. Kyphosis, often referred to as round back, occurs in the dorsal spine. There it causes severe curvature of one’s back. Complications of this can be minimal with early diagnoses and treatment. Spinal TB is a slow developing disease and takes three to four months before kyphosis starts. During this period, patients have low back pain. Patients suspected of having spinal TB, should be kept under observation, have regular x-rays four to six months apart from each other, and a MRI. These tests will alert doctors on vertebra changes in height and density. Imaging also allows doctors

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic bacterial infection that affects millions of people globally. It is a contagious disease that is spread through the air, and it usually affects the lungs. It is transmitted from person to person through droplets from the respiratory tract of those who are already infected with the disease. Some who are infected with the bacteria that causes TB often exhibit no symptoms, because their immune systems stop the bacteria from growing and multiplying. Those with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to developing the full blown disease which can cause symptoms that include coughing, spitting blood, chest pains, weakness, weight loss, and fever. Tuberculosis can be treated with a six to nine month course of a combination of antibiotics. If left untreated, TB will spread and can be fatal.

In Spinal tuberculosis the initial involvement is of the anterior inferior portion of the vertebral body which further slowly spreads into the central part of the body or disk. Anterior and central lesions are the most common types of vertebral involvement but in the central lesion, there is no involvement of disk occurs, but the collapse of the vertebral body produces vertebra plana. Vertebra plana (spondylitis) indicates complete compression of the vertebral body and thereby the patient cannot stand properly. In younger patients its been found that the disk is primarily involved as it is more vascularized but in old age patients, the disk involvement is less primarily due to development of age-related avascularity. In spinal tuberculosis,

“Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems (WHO, 2015)”. “Various methods can be used to carry out epidemiological investigations: surveillance and descriptive studies can be used to study distribution; analytical studies are used to study determinants (WHO, 2015)”.This paper discusses about epidemiology of HIV infection, including factors that contribute the development of the disease, epidemiologic triangle, role of community health nurse and the national organization that address the communicable disease.

Of the many diseases spread by insects, none are actually caused by the insects themselves but by other organisms passed on when they feed or bite. Insects are capable of spreading diseases caused by many different types of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, protozoan and others. Mosquitoes have earned the title of "the most deadly creature on earth." This is due to the fact that they spread serious epidemic diseases such as Malaria, Yellow Fever, African Sleeping Sickness, and West Nile Virus.