Distal Fracture And The Fracture

Elbow fractures are often the result of either a fall or a direct blow to the elbow. The fracture type will depend in large part upon how the person falls or gets hit. For example, someone who falls onto an outstretched arm will hurt a different part of the elbow

Osteoporosis is the most common disease of the bone and the incidence of this condition is rising. Osteoporosis is estimated to effect 3 million people in the UK. A decreasing bone density in patient, especially in those above the age of 50, leads to bones becoming weak and therefore, there is an increased likelihood of fragility fractures. This condition is preventable and treatable however, it is often left undiagnosed and therefore, has major cost implications on the NHS. (National Osteoporosis Society, 2013a)

This is where the skin does not break at the site of the fracture, and is the most common type of fracture

Osteoporosis is an age related disorder, more common in females compared to males. Osteoporosis is defined as a “skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing to increased risk of fractures (Manolagaas, 2014). Osteoporosis is defined as “a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue (What is osteoporosis?2014). Osteoporosis is sometimes also referred as “silent thief” as the bone loss occurs very slowly and silently without any symptoms (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). The most common site for fracture due to osteoporosis is hip followed by humerus (Woltman & den Hoed, 2010) . Osteoporosis can occur at any age, although it is a disorder common in females (especially post-menopausal females). Everyone is prone to osteoporosis (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). According to Osteoporosis Canada, 1 in 3 Canadian females and 1 in 5 Canadian males may suffer fractures due to osteoporosis during their lifetime (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). Canadian health care system spends 1.2 billion dollars for the acute hospitalization caused by osteoporosis and in 2010 the health care system spent 3.9 billion dollars for the total treatment of osteoporosis (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). Osteoporosis can be screened and diagnosed by various methods; however the dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA) is commonly used. If the T-score values are less than -1 and greater than -2.5SD it is termed as osteopenia,

There are two types of osteoporosis that have been identified which are primary and secondary. Osteoporotic bones are thin and brittle and are prone to fracture. The bone loss involves both compact and spongy bone. In type I osteoporosis, which occurs typically in postmenopausal women, spongy bone loss predominates, occurring most prominently in the vertebrae and distal radius (Gueldner, Burke, Smiciknas-Wright, 2000). Major complications of type I osteoporosis are crush fractures of the vertebral bodies and the distal end of the radius. Type II, or old-age, osteoporosis is characterized by a proportional loss of compact and spongy bone of the long bones (Gueldner, Burke, Smiciknis-Wright). The most serious fractures of old age are those of

According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, nearly one quarter of men and an astonishing fifty percent of women will break a bone due to osteoporosis. Women are primarily affected by this due to menopause or

Osteoporosis is a loss of bone mineral density often associated with old age, leading to bone fragility and fracture. Because the bones are weakened, such fractures can result from relatively minor traumas such as carrying grocery bags or even a sneeze! Fractures to the hip can be due to a fall and can significantly compromise quality of life and ability to walk. Statistics show that 1 in 4 American women and 1 in 8 American men over 50 have osteoporosis. This is a very disheartening statistic considering that osteoporosis is a largely preventable condition. Osteoporosis is also usually clinically silent until a fracture occurs, so it can go unnoticed for years. This is why bone density scans (DEXA scans) are often recommended to postmenopausal women.

Type I osteoporosis (postmenopausal osteoporosis) generally develops in women after menopause when the amount of estrogen in the body greatly decreases. This process leads to an increase in the resorption of bone (the bones loses substance). Type I osteoporosis occurs in 5% to 20% of women, most often between the ages of 50 and 75 because of the sudden postmenopausal decrease in estrogen levels, which results in a rapid depletion of calcium from the skeleton. It is associated with fractures that occur when the vertebrae compress together causing a collapse of the spine, and with fractures of the hip, wrist, or forearm caused by falls or minor accidents. As the disease progresses, other characteristics show up: compression of the vertebrae resulting

A wrist fracture is a break or crack in one of the bones of your wrist. Your wrist is made up of ten bones. Eight of these bones are in the palm of your hand and two are in your forearm.

A fracture (break) in your cheekbone is also called a zygoma fracture. If this bone is in normal position, conservative treatment may be all that is necessary. This means an operation is not required. If this bone is displaced, surgery may be necessary to repair the fracture and get it back into position. This fracture is easily diagnosed with x-rays.

Another name for a Chauffeur’s fracture is the Hutchinson’s fracture or oblique fracture. Chauffeur’s fracture is one of the many fractures of the forearm. This kind of fracture occurs on the radial styloid process.

Osteoporosis is a multi factorial progressive skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of bone micro architecture, predisposing it to increased fracture risk. Osteoporosis is called a ‘silent disease’ because it progresses without symptoms and remains unnoticed for a long time as bone resorption process in early stages is almost asymptomatic and at later stages usually presents with a fracture due to trivial trauma. Fragility fractures, the consequence of osteoporosis, are responsible for excess mortality, morbidity, chronic pain, admission to institutions and economic costs. They represent 80% of all fractures in menopausal women over age 50. Patients with hip or vertebral fractures have substantially increased

Patellar fractures are rare in children because less than 2% occur in the immature skeleton. When they occur, more than half is sleeve type. Sleeve-type fractures occur almost exclusively in children. They are the result, in general, of direct trauma, excessive contraction of the extensor mechanism, or both. Indirect or combined traumas can also be the cause. Most involve the lower pole of the patella and may be difficult to see on a plain radiograph, especially when the avulsed bone fragment is small or absent. Adolescents are more susceptible, probably due to high intensity sports activity, the rapid osteochondral growth in the periphery of the patella, and to the relative instability of the patella. The peak incidence is 12.7 years. Boys

Distal end radius fractures are the commonest fractures of upper limb with debatable treatment modalities. Whereas, the dictum followed among the orthopods is to undergo operative intervention in younger age groups, conservative treatment is usually reserved for the geriatric population. Various studies have stressed upon the linear co-relation of anatomical restoration with better functional outcome 10-12.

For women who have had menopause, their decrease in female hormone production causes their bone to become thinner. Other factors may also be involved in the weakening of the bones: certain medications, smoking, alcohol, or any medical conditions. Because your bones become more frail and brittle as one ages, something as simple as stepping with more force can lead to a fracture in your bone. Having a fracture is very painful and very hard to miss because they is aching around the site of the injury. However, there might be times in where you might not feel the pain of the fracture and might only be visible through an x-ray.