The wrist is an anatomic linkage bridging the hand to the forearm. Eight bones of carpus and the distal radius and ulna form complex articulation that allow 3 degrees of movement. The hand, relative to the forearm, can flex and extend, pronate and supinate, and deviate ulnar and radial. [17]
In order to have such mobility while maintaining stability, the wrist has complex configuration of ligaments and bones. Malfunction of the wrist occurs when the structural alignment of the bones has changed or when the ligamentous constraints have been disrupted. [17]
The distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ)
Problems of the DRUJ have been called by Palmer as the “low back pain of the wrist. [18]
Over the last years, there has been a tremendous surge in research involving the anatomy, function, and treatment of DRUJ pathology.
In the DRUJ: The shallow concave sigmoid notch of the distal radius articulates with the convex asymmetric shaped ulnar head.
The
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1 : Types of sigmoid notch. [ 21]
There is also reported a palmar osteocartilagenous lip in 80% of the people which acted as a stable buttress to palmar dislocation of the ulna.
The articulation of the sigmoid notch with the ulnar head allows rotation of the radiocarpal unit in the transverse plane.[ 19]
The ulna head:
The medial area of it has a bony prominence, whichis known as the ulnar styloid process. This is the point of attachment for soft tissue structures. The dorsal nonarticular portion of the ulnar head has an osseous groove to accommodate the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon (ECU). Articular cartilage covers a 90 to 135 degrees arc of the ulnar head, and only a 47 to 80 degree arc on the sigmoid notch.[20]
One important geometric joint characteristic of the DRUJ is the radius of curvature between the two articulating surfaces. The radius of curvature of the ulnar head (averages 10 mm) is different from the radius of curvature of the sigmoid notch (averages 15 mm). Consequently,
A.2 What is the name of the shallow, oval socket of the scapula that Stefan placed next to the humerus?
Humerus, Radius, Ulana (arms): To support your wrist and fingers when hitting the ball, it also provides power when hitting the ball.
When it contracts it causes flexion in the wrist. It's located under the endangerment site antecubital.
In order to test the passive sufficiency of a bi-articular structure, such as a muscle, both joints which that structure crosses must first be identified. Additionally, the movements of those two joints which will constrain that structure must be identified. Next, one joint must be selected, and placed into the position that may constrain the structure. At the same time, the other joint must be placed in the position which will NOT put further strain on that structure. The selected joint must then be measured for its range of motion. Next, the same must be done with the selected joint, but in contrast, the other joint must be placed in the position which WILL further constrain the bi-articular structure. Once that has been done, the selected joint’s range of motion must be measured once more.
With the muscle separated and the ulnar nerve safely out of the way, the surgeon would then locate the damaged ligament. First scraping out the damaged tissue, then the next step is to drill tunnels in the
The surgery was frist performed in 1974 by orthopedic surgen Dr. Frank Jobe, was named after the first baseball player to undergo this surgery; Tommy John was the major league pitcher whose record of 288 career victories ranks seventh all time. This procedure is made to help a person with UCL also known as ulnar collateral ligament also known as the elbow. The procedure is common among collegiate and professional athletes in several sport, but most in baesball. The procedure goes as follow, the patient’s arm is open up aroung the elbow. Holes to accommodate a new tendon are drilled in the ulna and humerus ones of the elbow. The doctor then gets a tendon such as the palmaris tendon from the forearm of the same or opposite elbow, the patellar tendon, or a cadeveric tendon. Which are ten woven in a figure eight pattern through the holes and anchored. The ulnar nevre is usually moved to prevent pain as scar tissue can appy pressure to the nerve.
For the human joint anatomy project, our group decided to research and construct the elbow joint. The following is a report and summary of the project including roles taken, challenges faced, solutions derived, and ultimately, contribution and experiences of both partners.
Compensatory Approach: Prevent further deformation of the ulnar drift with swan neck deformities to maintain client’s present ROM in B (UE).
DOI: 6/23/2015. Patient is a 44-year-old male assembler who sustained injury while he was reaching for a part, pulled axle from rack and felt pain in the cervical spine. Per OMNI, the patient is diagnosed with acute cervical sprain and cervical radiculopathy.
AC, is a painful and debilitating condition affecting 2% - 10% of the population (Neviaser and Hannafin, 2010: Cadogan and Mohammed, 2016). Statistical data indicates a higher prevalence in women (59% - 70%), a mean onset age of 50 - 60 years (Cadogan and Mohammed, 2016). The average condition duration presents for 30.1 months but ranges from 1 - 3.5 years (Hand et al, 2008) placing a considerable burden upon individuals and health care services. The non-dominant arm is slightly more affected then the dominant arm (Hand, Clipsham, Rees and Carr, 2008: Levine, Kashyap, Bak, Ahmad, Blaine, and Bigliani, 2007) and the risk of recurrence on the contralateral side within 5 years of the first occurrence is 6%–17%, recurrence in the
Several muscles of the upper and lower arm attach at the elbow on the olecranon process. In the posterior compartment of the upper arm, the three heads of the triceps brachii converge into a single tendon that connects
A wrist sprain is a stretch or tear in the strong, fibrous tissues (ligaments) that connect your wrist bones. There are three types of wrist sprains.
The knee joint is formed by the articulation of the distal end of the femur and the proximal end of the tibia. The fibula is only involved to the extent that it serves as an attachment site for connective tissue. In this paper, the anatomy of the joint will be discussed.
The deeper head arises from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone. The smaller superficial head originates from a region of the tuberosity of the maxilla just above the third molar. Both heads of the medial pterygoid insert on the medial surface of the mandibular angle. Bilateral contraction of the medial pterygoid produces elevation and protrusion of the mandible, while unilateral contraction produces contralateral excursion (8). Along with the masseter muscle, it forms a muscular sling that supports the mandible at the mandibular angle. Simultaneous contractions of these muscles can exert a powerful biting force that is directed through the jaw and ultimately between the upper and lower molars
Ulna – The thinner of the two bones located in the lower arm. Carpals, Metacarpals & Phalanges – The cones that compile the wrist, hands and fingers. The type of synovial joint involved in the movement are: SYNOVIAL JOINT INVOLVED JOINT ACTION TAKING PLACE Ball and socket joint – (shoulder) Extension – increasing the angle between two bones.