Distinction between Self-Report and Behavioral Measures

home and run in with the law. Through research and parents report on their child’s disruptive behavior, medical profession put a tag on this troubling disorder as attention-deficit/hyperactivity impulsivity disorder (ADHD). Therefore, I will describe attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, describe the prevalence of ADHD, outline methods or strategies that address ADHD, and describe the identification and the assessment process of ADHD.

The flaw of impulsivity is one that can hinder someone if they are unlucky enough to have this weakness. Whenever I make an impulsive decision, it almost always causes a new problem, or something negative happens. The flaw of impulsivity is generally not the kind of trait a person would want to have. (hook) Protagonists of the short stories “The Sniper”, “A Sound of Thunder”, and “Harrison Bergeron” all show share a form of weakness that affects the their decisions and the trajectory of their lives. (transition) The main characters from these three stories share the same weakness or flaw; their impulsivity. (thesis)

79). Overall, this is a problem, because there continues to be a lack of the public endorsement and support of those seeking treatment regardless of the addiction. Individuals suffer with addictive behaviors for many reasons that include genetic factors. These things are uncontrollable and are harder to be prevented. Inaba and Cohen (2014) stated, “One of the genes that signals a susceptibility to compulsive overreaction” (p. 7.47). The new definition of addiction non/substance and behavior is now based on the psychoactive drugs and certain behaviors that produce the surge of dopamine in the midbrain are biological substrate for addictive behavior (Smith, 2012). Overall, it is important to include all addictive behaviors and substance abuse when diagnosing individuals. It is more important to treat all conditions or addictions than it is to assume that it is not as an important or one is more problematic than one or the

The point of this article is establish ties between drug-addiction and deficiencies in the brain that regulate impulse control. The article shows that through the testing of drug-addicts brains and comparing their brain functions to those of their non-addicted siblings revealed that the deficiencies present in the drug-addicts also existed in the non-addict siblings, suggesting that drug addiction is hereditary. The article goes on to say that if that is true, it serves as a basis for the prevention of drug addiction since the non-addict siblings were able to exert some level of control over their impulses and not become addicted to drugs.

According to Fowler (1999), a key characteristic is physical impulsivity; children with his are likely to be greater risk for other psychiatric disorder

Novelty seeking and impulsivity personality traits have been linked to higher rates of drug intake and dependency. However, it is not well understood if these personality traits are determinants or consequences of chronic drug abuse (Ersche, Turton, Pradhan et al., 2010). To further examine this question, Erche et al. (2010) investigated sibling pairs and healthy controls and found higher levels of impulsivity traits, not novelty seeking, in both drug dependent individuals and their siblings. These findings indicate that impulsivity can be an underlying heritable predisposing factor in the development of drug abuse and dependency. Previous research has also found individuals high in novelty seeking are at a higher risk for stimulant abuse. Researchers believe this is partly due by the fact that novelty seeking behavior activates the same reward nueral pathways—mesolimbic dopamine system—that reinforces drug abuse behavior (Bardo, Donohew & Harrington, 1996).

Best, Williams and Coccaro (2002) defined premeditated aggression as the sort of aggression one uses to try and control their external environment, like mugging someone. Impulsive aggression results from the inability to control your impulses and emotions, leading to things like temper tantrums or road rage. It is ths impulsive aggression that appears to present itself more readily in those with prefrontal injuries. This study sought to examine exactly where that dysfunction might be. In order to this they recruited twenty-four patients diagnosed with Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED). IED tends to exhibit itself in the form of chronic impulsive aggression. 22 control subjects were also recruited. Interestingly, exclusion criteria included any past neurological illness or traumatic brain injury. Multiple neuropsychological tests of frontal lobe functioning were administered to the participants. On working memory tasks, there was no impairment suggesting that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was in working order. However, in all tests related to the Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex Circuit there was statistically significant impairment in the IED group when compared to controls. This included poor problem solving, as evidenced by the Iowa Gambling Task, and impaired recognition of facial emotion, particularly negative emotions such as disgust or anger. Interestingly, they found that the most common

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is commonly diagnosed in childhood and affects approximately 5% of children worldwide (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). Once thought to be a disruptive behavior problem, it is now believed to be a neuropsychological disorder that results from abnormalities within the brain and manifests as functional deficits (Barkley, 1997). These deficits result in symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. Current diagnostic criteria for ADHD include 18 symptoms that are defined by these three core clusters (APA, 2013). ADHD usually manifests during childhood, however it persists into adolescence and adulthood in an estimated 35%-70% of cases (Adler & Cohen, 2004; Barkley, Fischer, Smallish, & Fletcher, 2002; Kessler et al., 2005) and affects approximately 2.5% of adults worldwide (APA, 2013). The prevalence of adult ADHD is estimated to be between 4% and 5% in the United States, amounting to approximately 9.4 million adults (Faraone, Spencer, Montano, & Biederman, 2004).

Impulse control disorder (ICD) is a class of psychiatric disorders characterized by impulsivity – failure to resist a temptation, urge or impulse that may harm oneself or others. This could included substance-related disorders, behavioral addictions, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, conduct disorder and some mood disorders. Substance abuse is something that we see taking over the US and especially in Georgia. When you have an impulse disorder, it is hard for you to refrain from temptations which is why it can become a substance abuse issue. When you are hooked on a drug/alcohol you crave it and if you can not or have trouble controlling you actions, you wont be able

impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11), sensation seeking (Sensation Seeking Scale form-V), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), and anxiety (Beck Depression Inventory) was administered to a sample of 100 normal people, mainly undergraduate students. Individuals with high impulsivity had significantly higher levels of dysfunctional cognitions and sensation seeking. Multiple regression analysis showed that only impulsivity and age factors were significant predictors of cognitive distortions, with impulsivity positively correlated, and age negatively correlated, with cognitive distortions.

Addictive Personality Disorder (APD) is based on the belief that people have a particular set of personality traits that can predispose them to addiction. It is characterized by impulsive behavior, weak ability to commit, mood swings, sensation seeking behavior and even packed on stress and anxiety. (Motley, Kaitlyn. 2016) It’s important to note that addiction can be expressed in a vast array of pursuits ranging from drug abuse, gambling addiction, compulsive buying, sex addiction, alcohol dependency and many more. The continued involvement of a substance and/or activity in spite of negative outcomes is what defines an action as an addiction. (Brannan, Amy.

The prefrontal cortex plays a major key role in Neurocognitive Networks of impulsivity and transition to addiction. The cortex regulates the reward and its involvement in higher-order executive functions, such as self-control, goal oriented behavior, and response inhibition. According to “Goldstein and Volkow” reviewed neuroimaging data of specific prefrontal cortex regions and their roles in neuropsychological mechanisms that underlie the relapsing cycle of addiction. Focusing on inhibitory control and emotion regulation, there are two different prefrontal regions, which are implicated in a higher order cognitive process (cold), and ventral PFC regions subsuming the ventral OFC, ventromedial PFC and rostroventral ACC, which are triggered during

Thus, present consumption is tied to health-related, social, and economic costs of future consumption. It is therefore reasonable to assume that substance use is associated not only with discounting of future gains, but also with discounting of future costs. Furthermore, substance use and substance use problems have been associated with a range of impulsiveness traits (e.g., Miller & Lynam, 2013), some of which measure a lack of concern for future consequences.

Addiction is a complex issue that has multiple influences, including intelligence. Many specialists have considered the connection between addiction and intelligence, trying to gauge how they are related. The results of various studies have been surprising: high intelligence has been more commonly linked to addiction rather than low intelligence. But why?

This study was done to test two hypotheses’. The first being Different groups of intensities of impulsivity (Barratt’s Impulsiveness Scale scores) will increase along with the Balloon Analogue risk task (BART) scores. The second hypothesis being by the different scales of the BIS we will investigate the group most correlated with the BART scores. 45 psychology students took part. The results indicated that with scores of risk-taking increasing, impulsivity would also increase and that the three different groups correlated with the BART scores.