Distribution Power Loss Allocation On Radial Systems For Active And Reactive Power Flows Lines

For a perfectly planned power grid, the power generation of each region is matched with the power consumption within this region, so that the power lines will always carry a reasonable workload. If one power line fails to work, other parallel lines would have to carry extra power, which is bad for safety and may lead to fire. The power system operators are the ones

IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems. This document provides a uniform standard for interconnection of distributed resources with electric power systems. It establishes criteria and requirements relevant to the performance, operation, testing, safety considerations and maintenance of the interconnection.

The emerging concept of MicroGrids or SmartGrids is aimed at changing the paradigm of the conventional power system in order to meet various challenges facing modern day society. To understand why the shift in paradigm is necessary, it is important to have a firm knowledge of the layout of conventional power systems as well as the energy challenges facing our society. A high level example of a conventional power system is shown in figure 1.

The grid, which includes transmission and distribution lines, is a critical aspect of the energy industry that has become antiquated in recent years. The first problem is caused by an increasing demand, 2.5% annually over the last 20 years, leaving the grid overused [gungor]. The second problem is the age of the infrastructure the average age of the power-grid transmission lines are 50–60 years [gungor]. Because the increase in demand and age of the infrastructure coupled with the nonlinear nature of the electric power distribution network have caused serious network congestion issues, which has caused several major blackouts [gungor]. In addition to network congestion, the existing power grid also is out-of-date in the following areas: communications, monitoring, fault diagnostics and automation which further increase the possibility of region-wide system blackout [gungor]. All the aforementioned problems of the “traditional” grid have been increasingly more difficult to meet in the 21st centuries demands, including power-grid integration, system stability and energy storage and an overall decrease in reliability [erol,gungor].

Knowledge of human experts forms the base of the accuracy of fuzzy logic systems (FIS). The results of post contingent state of line power flows and performance indices are obtained using Newton Raphson or any other load flow method .The membership functions for these post contingent quantities are first recognized and defined and with these formed membership functions, the computation of overall severity index is done to obtain the contingency ranking. For each post contingent quantities which is obtained by the conventional load flow method is known by different linguistic variable and with the membership function associated with it. The inputs to the fuzzy inference system are line loadings, and voltage profiles indices and the outputs to the same FIS are the severity indices, which are computed using the simple set of rules of Fuzzy. The post contingent quantities of line flows and bus voltage must be

This Masters thesis deals with the problem of reactive power compensation in the con-ventional Line commutated converter HVDC transmission. The purpose of the thesis is to develop and implement the reactive power compensation logics for the individual reactive power compensation elements and consequently develop the strategies to optimize the overall reactive power compensation technique in the HVDC LCC trans-mission. Following sections provide an overview of the motivation, objectives and the structure of this Masters thesis report.

The power flow in the system is always unidirectional. The power is exported from the sending-end AC network via DC tie to the receiving-end passive network. The proposed system is best suited for power transmission to islands and remote load centers, since the receiving network is usually weak or even passive.

Proper allocation and sizing of DG will improve the voltage profile of electrical power system and reduces losses in the system.

Indiscriminant application of individual distributed generators can cause as many problems as it may solve. better way to realize emerging potential of distributed generation is to take system approach which views generation, associated loads as subsystem or “microgrid”. This approach allows for local control of distributed generation thereby reducing or eliminating need for central dispatch. During disturbances, generation, corresponding loads can separate from distribution system to isolate

A key solution to the energy storage and wastage problems is offered by renewable energy sources; however, their integration with the existing grids comes with a set of barriers such as the intermittency of generation and the high level of distribution of the sources and the lack of proven distribution control algorithms to manage such a highly distributed generation base [2]. In such situation, the use of communication and information technologies is attractive to match the demand to the available supply and dramatically improve performance and efficiency. A smart grid is an intelligent electricity network that integrates the actions of all users connected to it and makes use of advanced information, control, and communications technologies to save energy, reduce cost and

This part discusses new techniques of generation reserve estimation depending on a new reliability index called Clouds Effect On Load Loss or CEOLL. This index is inspired from traditional LOLP

Present grid networks are oriented for conventional power generation but are not capable of handling the varied conditions and losses in transmission and inconveniences of power

In 2016, A. Sharma et. al. [48] presented a paper “Optimal power flow analysis using Lévy flight spider monkey optimization algorithm” in which a Lévy flight spider monkey optimization (LFSMO) algorithm was proposed to solve the standard Optimal power flow (OPF) problem for IEEE 30-bus system. The exploitation capacity of SMO was increased in the proposed algorithm. LFSMO was tested over 25 benchmark functions and its performance was examined. It was found that LFSMO gave desirable outcomes than the original SMO.

Power system planning is one of the most important areas in power system research. The

Grid substation is particularly identified as the station for generation of power through the incoming transmission line. The substation is responsible for delivering electrical power via the feeders and the station controls power for separate routers. The substation forms important part of transmission and power distribution over the power system architecture. However, this project involves maintaining and operating the substations with their individual characteristics. Moreover, the main functions of power substation are to receive the transmitted energy from the generating stations with higher voltage reducing it. The stations provide switching substations within different connections for different transmission lines; converts sub-stations either converting AC to DC for higher to lower frequency.