Dive Bombers : Carrier Based

The attacks on Hamburg were not a turning point of the war as Bomber Command’s fortunes had completely disappeared once they started targeting Berlin, where their loss rates peaked to unacceptably high levels. Therefore Gee made less of an impact in assisting the Allied strategic bombing of Germany compared to Window. However the impact on Hamburg caused by Window was relatively short-lived because the Germans countered. On the other hand the long range escort fighters, disposable fuel tanks and The Thousand Bomber raids had a long-lived impact. The P-51 Mustang was an important aircraft in the war that had an American airframe and a British Rolls-Royce ‘Merlin’ Engine. Disposable fuel tanks, which increased the Allied fighter’s range were loaded onto the P-51 Mustang and by March 1944, the modified Mustang had a 1800 mile armed range and could fly with the bombers to Berlin and back. Richard Ovary said ‘The long-range escort fighter transformed the air war overnight.’ Lastly the thousand-bomber raid on 30th to 31st May 1942 against Cologne saw the destruction of a third of the inner zone of Cologne along with the destroying of 20000 houses and the evacuation of 200000 people.

Airplanes were in a similar position as tanks - the technology was really too new and immature for effective combat use. At best, the airplane provided better observation and reconnaissance ability than previously available, but, in a static trench-warfare setting (with the commonly poor European weather), the amount of benefit this provided is easy to overstate. Tactical and strategic bombing was non-existent; the airplane would have to wait for the wars of

The U-boats one of Germany’s of most intimidating naval weapons. The U-boat, also known as a submarine, which is a boat that could go underwater. The common U-boat during World War One could carry 35 men and 12 torpedoes (history.com). The Germans would use the element of surprise by torpedoing ships such as their enemies or neutral countries.For example, the ship the Lusitania, a british ocean liner that had been coming from New York to Liverpool had been torpedoed without warning, which ended up killing 1,189 people. The Germans would use the U-boat for unrestricted warfare which caused the Germans’ to have one of the most

Before World War II, the submarine was very predictable and easily managed with detection systems, depth detection, and antisubmarine forces. The aircrafts were harder to manage, and could easily penetrate enemy territory. It was not so predictable.[xii]

However, because of the unreliability of bomber commands performance the Nazis managed to quickly control the situation. They ensured that no photographs or news reports were published from the bomb stricken reports meaning that the rest of Germany could only gather information from stories and tales. On top of this only a small part of Germany was bombed as the allied forces simply did not have the technology to reach the majority of the Reich. That it was relatively easy for the country to regroup, resulting in heavy retaliation and a continuous growth in German production. However, in the last years of the war bombing technology drastically improved and the attacks were relentless. As opposed to less than one quarter of bombs dropping within five miles of the target, each bomb now hit their target and inflicted maximum damage due to new aiming technology. Bombing raids were now performed twenty-four hours a day, in the night by Bomber Command and in the day by the heavily armoured bombers in the American 8th squadron. 1,500 bombers were now available after a huge increase in production speed, each with the

Ships were also revolutionized during the World War II era. Naval technology was very poor at the time, but once radar technology was developed, navigation and detection was made much easier for submarine and ship pilots. The invention of radar was still very new — being developed only 2 years prior to the start of World War II. Hours of experimentation and development were poured into enhancing radar technology so that the allied forces could better combat the Nazi fleet. Aircrafts were also made more advanced during World War II. Aviation in general was very new at the time, so optimizing what basic aircrafts we had at the time for battle (by equipping them with guns and bombs) was a challenging feat. Considering the first powered flight had taken place only in 1903, only 40 years before

The Curtiss P-40 Warhawk was a single-engine, single-seat, metal fighter plane and ground-attack aircraft that was made by the Americans. The P-40 Warhawk fighters first flew in 1938 and caught the attention of the United States Army Air Corps, who placed the largest fighter plane order it had ever made for fighters for a count of 524 at a cost of US$13 million. This was the earliest serious fighter in WWII and did its job until better fighters came out. It was known as a safe and secure aircraft that was able to fly pilots back home after being shot up in action. Many variants of this plane were later created. In addition, the shark teeth graphics were a big feature on this plane.

Japanese dive bombers were escorted by fighter planes that helped protect against the resistance of Australian and allied planes. Unfortunately the Japanese forces met little resistance. Those stationed in Darwin were inexperienced and had received little if any training on the use of anti-aircraft weaponry.

The Boeing B-17 was this plane. We had only constructed 42 D’s before Pearl Harbor. The F was the first major change in the line of Flying Fortresses. With over 400 modifications on the interior and only a change in the style of bubble top in the cockpit, the Japs and Nazis received a nasty surprise when they were trying to chase these down. With all of these interior changes and only a minor tint change on the outside, you think you’re chasing a B-17E and you end up getting shot down by the B-17F.

"World War 2 was a war fought in two distinct phases. The first was the last war of a new generation. The second was emphatically the first of a new era" . <br><br>"The British strategic bomber campaign was of doubtful cost effectiveness" . Bomber Command was by far the largest claimant on labour and factory space within the armed forces. Relative to their size they suffered more casualties than any other sector. <br><br>The Anglo-American bomber force was divided in terms of strategy. Bomber Command believed it was too risky to bomb by day, while the Americans believed it was too difficult to bomb by night. Initially both forces lacked accurate navigational equipment, which deterred them from precision bombing. <br><br>Germany developed a

In 1940, US allies, more specifically the Royal Air Force, conducted several bombing campaigns. These campaigns were in response to German air attacks against the British air force and their assets and focused primarily on the city of Berlin. Throughout these campaigns, over a million tons of bombs were dropped

World War 2 was a period of political tension and military rivalry, largely between the Axis and the Allies. But in the end, what caused the Allies to have victory over the Axis? Although Germany had a significant technological edge, and Japan with her terrific morale and superb unity of purpose, but in the end, they were both buried under a mountain of US manufactured weapons. This is where I believe hydrogenation plants would play a pivotal role between mainly, The United States, and Germany. Hydrogenation plants were able to produce important materials such as synthetic and aviation fuel, which were largely responsible for running vehicles, such as planes and tanks.

The introduction of the new long-range planes helped reduce the hazards of this dangerous portion of battle. Avro Lancaster was a British four-engined bomber which was implemented in warfare during the Battle of the Atlantic of the Second World War used by the Royal Air Force. It was first active as a strategic bombing offensive, and then became the main heavy bomber used by the RAF and RCAF. The Lancaster took upon the role of a long-range anti-submarine patrol aircraft and air sea rescue. It was also used as an aerial mapping resource to figure out where German U-boats most commonly attacked, hence figuring out where they usually place, with this information the Allies were able to strategically place counterattacks. The Avro Lancaster also carried passengers and delivered weapons to Britain and the Soviet Union.

We think that daily spot hire rate will likely decrease next year. There are two reasons. First, there are 63 new vessels scheduled for delivery in 2001 to increase the supply of vessel and only few old vessels need to be retired, while the demand will not increase because imports of iron ore and coal would remain stagnant over next two years. Second, exhibit 5 shows that avg. spot rate of 2000 was higher than the rate of previous years and avg. 3-yr charter rate. In addition, the market will seemingly go up after two years. Therefore, ship owners should hope to sign short-term contract through using lower daily spot hire rate rather than locking low daily high rate for a long period.

Ocean Carriers Inc. was approached in January of 2001 with a contract proposal for the leasing of one of their ships for a term of 3 years beginning in 2003. Ocean Carriers currently has no ship to accommodate the customer. To commission the construction of a new vessel would take 2 years from start to completion. The average rate in the spot market is $22,000 per day. Ocean Carriers deployed a younger fleet than average carriers and generally earned a 15% premium over the average daily rate placing them in position to capitalize in strong economies. However, the industry is volatile and suseptable to extremes both low and high. Many ship owners sought to sign contracts with time charters in order to shield themselves from the swings