Diverse Mating Strategies Among Different Species

There is no debate that one of the most attractive, human friendly and intelligent beauties in nature is the killer whale, more commonly known as the orca. The orca is in the dolphin family, but capable of learning human traits and freely interacting with them without causing any harm. Their curious behavior and acrobatic moves make us enjoy their company through watching and spending time in the waters with them. However, the gradual decline in the population of the orca is a worrying trend that sparks another kind of debate. Our interactions with killer whales is endangering their survival in the ecosystem, which should not be the case (BioExpedition 1). Our interaction with the

Reproductive monogamy is defined as an exclusive sexual relationship between a female and a male based on their sexual interactions. Social Monogamy refers to male and female’s social living arrangement without sexual interactions. It refers to the living patterns, raising offsprings, and obtaining food. Monogamy is common in birds, but also occurs in invertebrates. Why would a male mammal choose to mate with one female when he can mate with more than one? Why would the male stay around instead of finding another female to live with? Many researchers have attempted to answer this question of why some mammals prefer monogamy over polygamy. Vole rats, one of the species that perform monogamous mating, demonstrate pair boding. Male and female pairs of vole rats have been observed together over several months, and the males stay with females even when the female is not reproductively active. A typical vole family in the wild is almost always consisted of one male, one female, and their offspring. In addition, unlike other species in which females are the only ones taking care of the offspring, vole rats share parental roles and even build nests together. Because they show these monogamous behaviors, they have served as a good species/model to learn about monogamy for neuroscientists. In this paper, monogamy, specifically in vole rats, will be explained along with its proximate and ultimate causes of this adaptation.

In his article, The Strategies of Finding a Mate, David M. Buss discusses the act of finding a mate and the characteristics that people are drawn to in a mate. He begins the article with a brief look at the history of mating and the theories that have previously been proposed. In particular he addressed Charles Darwin’s theory of sexual evolution and belief in preferential mate choice. Buss proposes that there are three components to human mating. He states that “human mating is inherently strategic… mating strategies are context-dependent… [and that] men and women have faced different mating problems over the course of human evolution and, as a consequence, have evolved different strategies” (Buss, 1994, p. 241). He uses this theory to propose nine different hypotheses to prove that despite humans being varied and different from each other, all humans look for similar characteristics when trying to find a mate (Buss, 1994).

Every species has their unique way to survive and interact with their environment. Some have extra appendages in order to better combat predators, or they have bodies that allow them to camouflage to their environment. Every species also has their way of reproducing and copulation, whether for necessity or for enjoyment. Two species with different mating habits are the Apis mellifera, better known as honey bees, and Pan paniscus, Bonobos apes. The former uses its reproduction methods for the survival of the entire colony of honey bees in exchange with the death of few and the former uses copulation in a social setting in order to keep the peace of the pack.

(Dunbar, 1983) Among mountain gorillas, half of all the groups are one male. However, females leave from one group to another. “Polygynous females might be compensated for loss of exclusive paternal care by mating with a genetically superior male, thereby increasing the likelihood of their progeny’s survival and ability to produce offspring (Alatalo and Lundberg 1986).” (Hoglund, J. 1995) The competition for these mating opportunities is driven by the female’s choice. When this occurs, the males lose females to another one male group and it exploits what males mating opportunities.

This essay aims to show a comparison between the differences between both female short-term mating strategies and female long-term mating strategies. It will explore the evolution of psychology that has shown reasons for human mating and how these reasons go above and beyond the general idea of physical attractiveness and love. This essay will identify how mate preferences have evolved and further identify psychological mechanisms that women have used to select their mates over the past. This essay will compare and critically discuss the differences and outline them between female short-term mating strategies and female long-term mating

Dolphins live in packs also known as pods. All dolphins don't live in the same pod forever they might move from pod to pod. That's why there are smart because they ned brain capacity to move from pod to pod and not break chemistry. Most pods don't care for the leader beside the bottlenose dolphins. regardless most species pods do not have any membership. a lot of pods are separated from male to female. Male pods can live with the same members ranging from 10 to 25 years. Male pods cooperate during mating season so each dolphin gets a specific female. Most male pods compete and team up to defend themselves. There are three different types of pods, nursery, juveniles, and males. Nursey pods are full of females and their calfs. Juvenile pods

For this discussion, I chose to examine the reproductive nature of mountain lions and hammer head sharks. Mountain lions are solitary cats that live in various mountainous regions of north and south America, but a male and female come together socially in order to mate during the 3-10 day estrus period. Due to their solitary nature, mountain lions rely on scent marking in different territory as well as a mating call of the female in order to initiate the potential for sex. Typically, when a male and female find each other; they spend several days together during the mating period and he may hunt for her and run mating circles around her. Mountain lions are polygynous and both the males and females will mate with multiple individuals throughout

Killer whales are apex predators, lacking natural predators of their own, and inhabit all of the worlds oceans and most of our seas. They vary broadly in behavior, diet, and communication patterns. There are three main sympatric ecotypes of killer whales present in the Pacific Northwest, known as “resident”, “transient” and “offshore” killer whales. Of these, the resident whales of the Salish sea have been by far the most heavily studied. Their prey is salmon, chinook salmon in particular, and they hunt cooperatively. The resident pods are divided into “northern residents” and “southern residents”, the latter being comprized of three pods (J, K, and L). These three pods are well researched, as their markings and distinct calls make identification extraordinarily accessible to human scientists. Orca are distinct among mammals for the long post-reprodutive life of female orca, who provides extensive parental care even after menopause. Numerous studies have shown a clear correlation between the mother’s survival and the offsprings fitness. This paper will explore the matrilinal social structures of Puget Sound’s orcas to assess the evolutionary advantages to close mother-son relations. In particular, it will examine the difference in behavior of female and male offspring upon reaching sexual maturity, and relate this to similarities or differences in parental care output from male and

My hypothesis was that "If the murky pond is the best environment for the wild male, then that environment will have the highest score(for my fish) because the muddy water will give it the ability to survive every season". My hypothesis was not completely supported, therefore making it false. The statements was not completely correct because I did not account for the chance of mating. While I scored a decent amount on that environment, I realized that it was the same score (5) I got in the clear stream environment (the hardest for wild guppies). I only analyzed the way the stats of my guppy were combined with those of the murky environment. I only had to roll a one or higher in order to survive that season. This resulted in me not being able

When the middle-aged, sexy, successful Stella met the young, virile Winston during her vacation in Jamaica in the movie, "How Stella Got Her Groove Back," they're attraction for each other was unleashed with fiery passion. Then it was unraveled by the harsh criticism society puts on older women dating younger men. Since that movie, the older woman has become known as the "cougar," the catch phrase for what seems to be a current trend. Although it's never been completely accepted in the past, today she is defined as the older woman--secure and liberated--who's dating the younger man. Is real love possible with such drastic age differences or is cougar dating just a trend?

------------------------------------------------- Top of Form | | | | | | Annual | Interim | | | | | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | Period End Date | 03/31/2011 | 03/31/2010 | 03/31/2009 | 03/31/2008 | 03/31/2007 | | | | | | | Stmt Source | Tanshin | Yuho | Yuho | Yuho | Yuho | Stmt Source Date | 05/11/2011 | 06/25/2010 | 06/24/2009 | 06/25/2008 | 06/25/2007 |

In the article the researchers were trying to challenge the sexual strategies theory. It seems as though sexual strategies theory is different genders having different preferences when choosing a mate, in the case of long and short term relationships. The hypothesis at first was that both boys and girls felt that attractiveness was important. Girls would be more inclined to date someone because of social status and that boys would be the complete opposite. They also expected that social status would only become important when the person is attractive and social status would be important no matter if the person is attractive on no for girls. The last thing that was tested was according to Ha (2009) “the potential moderator effects of

Males and females differ considerably in how much they each invest in order to make offspring and a result of this, they approach mating with different methods. Researchers and scientists learn and examine these varying mating systems to explain how males and females pair up. A mating system explains the techniques males and females use to pair up when selecting a mate. It is important to begin by reviewing and understanding the reproductive strategies among primates. The major types of mating systems found in primates are monogamy and polygamy. Monogamy is a practice of mating in which one male pairs with one female. Polygamy also known as bisexual, is a pattern of mating in which a male mates with more than one female and a female mates with more than one male (Wong , 2010). Polygamy is then clarified into polygyny and polyandry. Polygyny is when one male mates with multiple females. Polyandry is when one female mates with multiple males. Recognizing the diversity of mating systems will help in understanding the interactive relationship of sexual size dimorphism and behavior in primates.

Randall Wells and his team observed groups of male dolphin behavior in Sarasota Bay, Florida.