Djibouti Research Paper

S Foreign policy within HOA. Djibouti supports African Union and U.S. Foreign Policy efforts to eradicate the spread of Islamic extremists groups such as Al-Qaida affiliated al-Shabaab – this commitment includes providing military forces to the African Union Mission in Somalia, supporting the Transitional Federal Government in Mogadishu, Somalia. Additionally, the Djiboutian government supports USAID efforts throughout Africa by providing warehousing for the only stockpile of humanitarian aid on the African continent. (Diplomatic, Information IOP)

As more and more foreign forces made their way into Somalia attention fell on the

Djibouti. A small country in Africa. People may know it by its funny name. But, did you know that Djibouti has the second lowest point in the world? Djibouti is affected everyday by its geography, politics, social behavior, religion and economy.Djibouti is a small nation on the Horn of Africa about the size of New Jersey. Djibouti borders the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. It is the lowest point in Africa and the second lowest point in the world! Djibouti is regularly hot and dry. Days that are humid can bring temperatures up to 120 degrees Fahrenheit. When it's colder out, during the cold season that's October- April, temperatures are normally between 80-89 degrees Fahrenheit. Djibouti lacks vegetation, groundwater, and arable land. The average

The United Nations began to send food and supplies, via peacekeepers, to the people of Somalia. These UN workers would get shot at, and their supplies taken.

(8:46 - 8:50) Atto states “This is civil war, This is our war. Not yours” Atto is convinced the U.S. should stay away from Somalia, and the U.S. is waisting there time trying to find

“I don 't recognize my people anymore. I feel Somalia is lost. There is no Somalia. It is just a name (Abdi, 2016)”. Over the past 20 years Somalia as a country has been in turmoil and constant fighting. Today’s Somalia is still a harsh environment and the people are unforgiving as they too are trying to survive this oasis of violence. Considering Somalia in the news now we see after years of fighting and trying to support this country with food, water, and security it has progressed but not quickly. It has been a battle for any support to the country essentially taking two steps forward and one step back.

The Pentagon’s Africa Command has worked tirelessly on a decade-long counterinsurgency operation against the guerrilla group. The International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for crimes against humanity and war crimes

Even though these groups agreed to the ceasefire, there was still violence going on in Darfur. In August 2004, 7,000 Rwandan and Nigerien peacekeeping troops are sent by the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) to work in Darfur. Around 2 million civilians were displaced in Darfur and Chad by the end of 2004, around 100,000 were dead. On September 9, 2004, the conflict in Darfur was declared a Genocide. Some of the other countries involved blame the Sudanese government because they have done nothing to help the citizens of Darfur, but the UN doesn’t agree. On January 9, 2005, the Sudanese government and the SPLM/A sign the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and the Second Sudanese Civil War ends. In March 2005, the people who violated the ceasefire in Darfur have sanctions authorized against them by the UN Security Council. There were also people accused of war crimes. These people are referred to the International Criminal Court (ICC). In June, a formal investigation is begun, but the Sudanese government chose not to

In the book, Dallaire voices his discontent with the United Nations, especially for the lack of action taken by the Security Council. The mission was commanded from an understaffed and under-funded headquarters in New York, the DPKO. There were concerns regarding the need for soldiers and United Nations personnel that could be used to help maintain peace throughout the mission. The troops that were enlisted for the mission were to assist in ensuring the security of the capital city of Kigali; monitor the ceasefire agreement, the establishment of an expanded demilitarized zone (DMZ), and demobilization procedures, and monitor the security situation during the final period of the transitional Government's mandate leading up to elections; and assist with mine-clearance. The mission would also provide security for the repatriation of Rwandese refugees and displaced persons by assisting in humanitarian assistance and relief operations. Initially, Dallaire requested 5,500 men for the mission however; he was only allocated approximately 2,600 to use. Many of the 2,600 were underqualified, coming for several developing nations who took directions from their own officers rather than Dallaire. No nation would readily contribute to a mission in a country where there were no strategic national or, international interests and no major threats to international peace and security. There were only 2,538 UNAMIR military personnel on the

Again, I am compelled to write. I am forced as your government could not recognize the diplomatic efforts, nor could you understand the reputation and mandate of the organizations involved, on behalf of us.However, I am extremely hopeful within a couple of days there's a response from your end. If your government thinks I do deserve to have your answer that is fine, but do not undermine the organizations involved staying without unanswered.

In 1969 a coup headed by Mohamed Said Barre introduced a socialist rule characterised by the persecution jailing and torture of political opponents. However, in 1991 this military-led government was overthrown, leaving Somalia without a functioning central government. (Central Intelligence Agency, (2015). Consequently Somalia descended into a period of factional fighting, anarchy and civil wars which still continues today. In this state of turmoil, Somalia is also without an effective police force, with no law strictly stated, society is corrupted. Land mines are a danger wherever you are and illegal roadblocks are common. There is armed conflict, kidnapping, dangerous levels of violent crimes and an ongoing very high threat of terrorist attack from a group known as 'Al Shabaab' (Travel Advice, (n.d.) ). Al Shabaab - translated as 'the Youth' - have been recognised as a dangerous, unpredictable militant group by the governments of Australia, Canada, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States. (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, (n.d.) ). In such an unstable and unreliable political situation it is only logical that people emigrate away from Somalia, otherwise they will live in fear of persecution. With a corrupted government and an unkept society, a time of peace in Somalia looks very far

Abdallah is the Commander-in-Chief of the Justice and Equality Movement and Saleh is the current Minister of National Defense in Sudan. Abdallah is charged with three counts of war crimes and Saleh is charged with seven counts of crimes against humanity and six counts of war crimes. Three counts of war crimes for both Abdallah and Saleh are attributed to an attack against African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) in 2007. AMIS was on a peacekeeping mission. On 16 June 2010, Abdallah and Saleh arrived at The Hague. The hearing about the charges being put forward against Abdallah and Saleh was held in December despite both defendants deciding to not be present and instead stayed in their cells. There were 89 victims who participated in the confirmation hearing (by way of legal representation). On March 7, 2011, the case against Banda and Jerbo was sent to trial. PTC 1 concluded that the war crime charges against Banda and Jerbo were valid. After the assumed death of Saleh Mohammed Jerbo Jamus, a status conference was held on July 18, 2013, to decide whether to drop the ICC charges against him and how to proceed with prosecuting the co-accused Abdalla Abakaer Nourain. A decision is pending. Although there was never an actual death certificate found, there was enough evidence to convince the judge that Jerbo had been killed in a rebel attack in North Darfur in April 2013. TC IV ended the case against Jerbo on October 4,

Emirate has been brilliant at playing Somali Regional Administrators, plying them with flattery and fictional port deals and deflecting them from the real intentional port deals they already made with Yemen (Stopped Aden port from functioning) and Djibouti (although Djibouti terminated Port deal with Emirate). All along, Emirate keeps its eye on the long-term prize of making DP the controller of all Somali Ports. Regional Administrators, meanwhile, called every meeting they had with Emirate Mercenaries as historic deals for the region they represent. However, experts say, United Arab Emirate role in formation of CIC is based on two implications; first issue is based on DP (a leading shipping and ports services provider) world’s negative intention to take over the Somali Ports which received some sort of resistance from Somali Federal Government. DP world is already succeeded some unsupervised signatories from Somaliland and Puntland without the presence of Somali Federal Government, yet there couple more ports they would like to add in their files. United Arab Emirate isn’t happy resistance made Somali

People usually disappear from around midday to about 4.30 pm. The streets are deserted, shops and government offices are closed, not for afternoon prayers, but because people have gone to take a nap or enjoy their hobby of chewing khat when the daily shipment arrives. Khat is a plant that usually contains the alkaloid called cathinone, an amphetamine-like stimulant. The World Health Organization classifies it as a drug that can produce mild to moderate psychological dependence. It causes, among others, excitement, loss of appetite and euphoria. According to the UN Office on Drugs and Crime, Djibouti spends $170 million on khat, annually.

The mission deployed with an overriding mandate “to consolidate peace and security, and to help establish conditions for development in the Republic of South Sudan, with a view to strengthening the capacity of the government of the Republic of South Sudan to govern effectively and democratically.” The mission started with 7,000 troops with the intention of reducing the force up to 6,000, in one year if things went well. However, the force has been increasing; in 2013 the force increased to 12,500 troops, and in 2016 the United Nations Security Council authorized an increase of a force to 17,000 troops. However, the increase of forces has not changed much on the ground, and the government of South Sudan and an international community continue to criticize UNMISS. When the conflict erupted 2013, The UN Secretary-General’s special representative, Hilde Johnson, acknowledged that “UNMISS was neither politically nor operationally prepared for the conflict.” International community blamed the UNMISS for not doing much to protect civilians when the fighting began. Yet again UNMISS has become unpopular because it had failed to protect people in some occasions, for example, Malakal attack against civilians by government