Dna Editing Research Paper

DNA testing has overthrown the way police collect evidence in a number of criminal cases, especially rape and murder and consequently had a large impact on many past cases. However there are many disadvantages to DNA testing, such as a challenge of accuracy, the costs of DNA testing and the possible misuse of DNA. The prospect of a national DNA database in Australia has been heavily criticised with complaints of invasion of privacy and stigma against those with terminal diseases.

This paper explores the history and some interesting facts about DNA. The last couple centuries have seen an exponential growth in our knowledge of DNA. The history of the DNA can be traced back to multiple devoted scientist. This article attempts to summarize, and review the basic history of DNA while providing some fascinating information about it.

Genome editing is a huge leap forward in science and medicine. Because of recent advances in technology, the study of genes and induced ‘point’ mutations have led to the discovery and advancement of methods previously used in order to mutate genes. The development of Clusters of Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) and CRISPR associated system 9 protein (Cas9) technology is a hugely significant leap forward as this is a tool that could potentially be used for the research into and hopefully the treatment of a range of medical conditions that are genetically related. Cystic fibrosis (Schwank, G. et al, 2013), haemophilia and sickle cell disease are an example of some of the conditions that have the

Each human being has something called DNA. DNA is described as genetics and an extremely long macromolecule that is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics in all life forms. DNA constructs of two nucleotide strands coiled around each other in a ladder like arrangement with the sidepieces composed of alternating phosphate and deoxyribose units and the rungs composed of the purine and pyrimidine bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Each chromosome consist of one continuous thread-like molecule of DNA coiled tightly around proteins and contains a portion of the 6,400,000,000 basepairs that make up your DNA.

Indeed DNA profiling has rapidly transform the field of forensics. DNA profiling is the scientific analysis of evidence for crime scene investigation and other legal proceedings. DNA profiling is mostly used by forensic scientists and crime lab technicians. To identify criminals and victims using trace evidence like hair or skin samples. To produce a DNA profile, scientists compare sequences in the genome that vary from person to person. The typical steps in DNA profiling are DNA samples are isolated from the crime scene, suspect, victims, or other evidence. The next selected sequences from each DNA sample are amplified (copied many times) to produce a large sample of DNA fragments. Finally the amplified DNA regions are compared using a gel. All together, these steps provide data about which samples are from the same individual and which sample is unique.

The article that I found discusses how DNA evidence was used to convict a suspect after twenty years under investigation. The homicide case was recently closed on the rape and murder of Ophelia Preston, a 24 year-old female in Milwaukee County. Preston was deaf and mute and also suffered from a cocaine addiction, which led her to meeting Melvin Lee Jones.

DNA is a necessity for life on earth. It is a long chain of molecules that acts as a code that defines physical traits, personalities, and even diseases. As was mentioned, people are familiar with scientist changing the DNA to produce better crops in the field. However, in 2012 scientist discovered a technology called CRIPSR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats). This was such an improvement since it is now possible to alter DNA in humans. CRISPR brings the technology to cut any piece of DNA

In order to extract DNA from any living thing, we needed to first gather the materials. Then we began the experiment. Step 1, put in a blender 1/2 cup of split peas (100ml), 1/8 teaspoon table salt (less than 1ml), and 1 cup cold water (200ml). Next, we blended the materials on high for 15 seconds. This allowed the pea cells to separate from each other, so we now had a really thin pea-cell soup. Step 2, poured our thin pea-cell soup through a strainer into another container. Added 2 tablespoons of liquid detergent (about 30ml) and swirled to mix. We then let the mixture incubate for 7 minutes. Poured the mixture into test tubes containers, and filled each about 1/3 full. Step 3, added a pinch of meat tenderizer to each test tube and stirred gently to make sure we didn’t break up the DNA. Step 4, tilted our test tube and slowly poured rubbing alcohol (70-95% isopropyl or ethyl alcohol) into the tube down the side so that it forms a layer on top of the pea mixture. Poured until we had about the same amount of alcohol in the tube as pea mixture. Alcohol is less dense than water, so it floats on top. From there we looked for clumps of white stringy stuff where the water and alcohol layers meet. The white stringy stuff was tangled DNA molecules. Thus, we completed DNA extraction. As we performed the experiment we made no changes to the original protocol.

Victor Frankenstein may have created and abandoned a creature, but what happens when you start to design future generations? Any scientific advancement that can have such a great effect on the lives of people has a possibility to be misused. Something as large as genome editing can be extremely useful, life changing, and effect every future generation. Then again, with great power comes great responsibility. Will genome editing be the modern Frankenstein?

DNA testing was introduced late in the 20th century. Since then it has been debated whether or not law enforcement should be allowed to use DNA samples in their investigations. There are currently 21 states in America that have passed laws allowing law enforcement to collect DNA from an arrestee. In order to get a sample of DNA, many agencies swab the inside of the arrestee’s cheek. Samples are used to then chemically test the DNA for genetic markers and stored in the state’s database (Taking). The state of Michigan recently became the 21st state to pass legislation allowing these DNA samples to be taken at the time of any felony arrest; felonies are classified as the most serious of crimes. A person convicted

7. What techniques are used to combine DNA from one species with DNA from another?

The process used to modify genes is called CRISPR/Cas9. It was discovered in china in 2013; before CRISPR, scientist would

CASE STUDY: THE MURDER OF LEANNE TIERNAN IMPORTANCE OF THE CASE- Biggest search in the history. DNA of dog used for the first time in British Criminal Case. When the forensic team examined Leanne’s body further, they also found several strands of dog hair. The hair was sent to scientists in Texas who produced a partial dog DNA profile.

Scientist and Genetic Engineers are able to do this because it can be applied it to any organism. These studies have gave many scientist and genetic engineers the boost in finding valuable information into the human body functions and why we have so many diseases. By manipulating the genetic code of bacteria we can discover many things we didn’t know , we could find out what cause bacteria to be bad for us and try to discover on how it can help us or how we can benefit when acquiring the knowledge of such bacteria. By taking a step forward and taking a deep look at the DNA and the genos we access that such vidale information and seek so much just from noing so. There has been so many good from genetic manipulation that scientist have broke through and have sequences the complete genomes of many organisms. As we dive further into this we can discover so much. The first organisms to be genetically engineered were introduced into plants and animals. But bacterial systems are a much better in genetic manipulation because of how excellent their rapid reproduction rate is. Bacteria has a very important role because they are routinely used to produce non bacterial

Analysis of DNA from practicals 1 and 2 using the technique of agarose gel electrophoresis and analysis of transfomed E. coli from practical 2 (part B)