Do women speak more correctly than men?
The language feature looked at in this report was used to assess whether women speak more correctly than men. This myth is said to have arose because women are traditionally expected to have perfect behaviour in all areas, including language. Whilst collecting data, other language features such as correct prefixes and pronunciation were considered. However, assessing whether the speaker ended their sentence with a preposition seemed to be the most accessible to address the chosen myth as it could provide the most quantitative, reliable results. Ending a sentence in a preposition may be considered incorrect use of language as the purpose of a preposition is to demonstrate a relationship between other
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Such as the preposition of ‘to’ was difficult to analyse as it had to be contextualized, in most cases it turned out to be either the homophones ‘two’ or ‘too’. An issue also became apparent with ‘before’ as if a noun is placed in front of the word, it is not considered a preposition but an adverb.
Speaker:
Gender:
Prepositions Used:
Total:
15-20mins
25-30mins
35-40 mins
1
Female
I
II
I
4
2
Female
-
I
II
3
3
Male
-
II
II
4
4
Female
I
I
II
4
5
Male
-
II
I
3
6
Male
I
-
-
1
Analysis
During analysis, observations were made on the data collected on each speaker. The data analysed was the raw quantitative data collected, based on the number of prepositions each speaker used incorrectly during the tally during collection. The subgroup time periods of tally were added up to create a total number for each speaker, before placing each speaker into their set gender group to determine an average of each gender based on the mean. The standard deviation was also analyzed to determine the consistency of the data and see if it was affected by any outliers. Once the scores of each gender were complete the mode, median, mean and standard deviation was calculated for all speakers to provide some overall measure of data on the topic of correctness, without direct link to gender.
After that, the total of each speaker was calculated into two single gender scores so that the data could be comparable between genders, providing evidence towards the
Did you know, “men and women talk differently because they are raised in something like two different cultures: a male culture from which young men learn to speak like men and a female culture in which young women learn to speak like women?”(Cooper and MacDonald 9). Well, not actually from two separate cultures, but the idea of men and women being opposites as pointed out in the opening. Deborah Tannen has made her theory that a male culture and female culture each exist, very popular with the human population and has written an extensive book on her theory.
Education has always been the most efficient tool for success in the 21st century. Due to it, people become professionals in various spheres, and it also provides means for prosperity. People acquire knowledge in order to lighten challenges they face in everyday life. Education plays a vital role in shaping an individual’s success in personal life. It assists people in earning recognition and respect in social relations with others. It also impacts the development of personal skills and the future career. However, teachers are also important contributors to a person’s brighter future. Their role has always been indispensable in the educational process of every student. The purpose of this essay is to analyze the purpose and problems of education in Deborah Tannen’s article How Male and Female Students Use Language Differently. Although, there are major inequalities in the overall standards of today’s education, students, themselves, create imbalance through their conversation styles in the classroom settings.
Gender – whether there was a difference in performance between genders; used for comparison between male and female participants
What is it that makes a woman a woman, or what makes a man a man? Deborah Tannen, author and Ph.D. of linguistics, investigates this question within the essay, “There Is No Unmarked Woman.” An excerpt from a larger publication, “Talking from 9 to 5,” written in 1994, “There Is No Unmarked Woman” is an effective examination of the social injustice as to why the state of womanhood is “marked” while the state of manhood is “unmarked”, and what this means for each sex. The book itself is a result of real-life research about the conversational
The assessment evaluated above was used in a 5th grade language arts class where students were assessed on their understanding and application of the eight parts of speech. The students had to know the eight parts of speech to answer every question correctly. The assessment was taken by 17 regular 5th grader students, 2 ESOL and one ESE. Proper accommodation was given for ESOL students and ESE student, such as extended time to complete the test. From the 20 students taking the assessment, 9 students were girls and 11 students were boys. The assessment has a high validity, for the questions are intended for students to identify the proper part of speech in each sentence.
However in regards to general results between both genders it was shown that no definite statistical mean yielded notable results (Alansari & Baroun, 2004). Stroop (1935) also showed that women college students also showed a difference when compared to the men and tended to have higher word reading results, but in regards to the genders showed no significant differentiation between both at the cognitive level.
“Sex Differences” is an essay written by a professor of linguistics named Ronald Macaulay. In the essay, he pointed out that there were no gender differences regarding to language development. He talked about various stereotypes about how men and women speak. He also explains in depth about how social environment made an impact on the talking between men and women. He also concluded that those linguists who still believe in that theory only continue to do so even if what they found in their research is not statistically significant. In many ways, Macaulay’s essay is persuasive. Through this essay, one would agree with him that there is no different form of language in which women and men speak.
o men talk more than women in a classroom setting? In “How Male and Female
Talking incorrectly can sometimes have advantages and disadvantages while communicating with others. People nowadays talk slang and incorrect grammar. But still, it is still very effective to us right now. People haven’t noticed but language today has changed very much compared to how people used to speak 10 or even 20 years ago. Stories written by Kirk Johnson, David Sedaris, and Anita Jain all show the how speaking today has changed.
Alleen Pace Nilsen began a study of Sexism in American English after returning from a two-year stay in Kabul, Afghanistan. Trying to avoid social issues in her research, Nilsen used the dictionary, as her main source and guide, making note-cards on every entry that seemed to tell something about male and female. She soon discovered that language and society go hand and hand. Furthermore, that the language a culture uses is evident in its values and beliefs. Amore careful look at the English language revealed three main points that Alleen Nilsen elaborates more on.
In “How Male and Female Students Use Language Differently”, Deborah Tannen discusses how and why women and men have different talking styles in the classroom.
As in many other gender differences, miscommunication between males and females can be explained by either the biological aspect or the cultural/environmental aspect. Deborah Tannen, a University professor of linguistics at Georgetown University and an Author, suggests the biological explanation to
Robin Lakoff found that women’s language lacks authority when compared to that used by men and she believes that women use many techniques in their speech that are deficient to men 's speech. In the Deficit Model Robin Lakoff describes male language as stronger, more prestigious and more desirable. She argues that women are socialised into behaving like 'ladies '. She gives examples of language techniques women use that make their language seem deficient these include, fillers, hedges e.g. “sort of”, “you know”, intensifiers e.g. “so”, weak expletive terms e.g. “oh dear”, empty adjectives e.g. charming, sweet, hypercorrect grammar and tag questions which shows uncertainty e.g. “isn’t it?” Moreover she interprets that women use more precise colour terms e.g. mauve, magneta.
Glass begins with a prearranged true-false quiz which shows how many of our preconceived biases about differences between the sexes and how they communicate are actually false (Glass, 1994). Glass (1994) states that women are not statistically shown to be more intuitive than men. However, they have been discovered to be more detail oriented in both their
Prepositions are one of the basic structures that make up the whole sentence. Even though some sentences can hold meaning without the help of prepositions, others need it in order to be completely understood. When first learning how to translate and interpret English to Vietnamese or vice versa, students can face some difficulties regarding the use of prepositions. In both languages, it is undeniable that prepositions occur at a high rate of frequency in written or spoken form; however, they have different roles in term of characteristic and usage with a few similarities. Therefore, this paper’s purpose is to compare and contrast prepositions in English and Vietnamese to give students a fresh perspective about prepositions and guide them how to use prepositions appropriately.