Docetaxel Essay

To increase both safety and to make drug delivery easy within the body, chemical engineering and biomedical communities have devised a variety of improved drug delivery techniques.

*Be sure to include page numbers and quotes from the novel, when appropriate, to ensure a complete answer and full credit.

Absorption – “How the drugs enter the circulation process through the body, and how they resist general breakdown by the stomach, liver, and the intestines”. Some of the factors that affect the absorption of drugs in the body is as follows, “acidity of the stomach, Physiochemical properties, Presence of food in the stomach or intestine, and Routes of administration”,

Medication has also become increasingly complex. There has been a massive increase in the number and variety of medications available. In addition, many medications have different routes of delivery, variable actions (long acting, short

Pharmacokinetics "is the way a drug is absorbed, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (pg. 749 Treas)

Based on ¨Principles of Pharmacokinetics¨, ¨pharmacokinetics is the study of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion¨ (Ratain 2003). In other words, the drug's pharmacokinetics determines the duration and the intensity of the effect on the body. Absorption rate can be affected by the drug itself, such as: rate of dissolution, lipid solubility, and route (VandeWaa 2016). The absorption process starts by the route of admission, in this case oral. The oral, or by mouth, route of administration for drugs is the most common. When a pill is taken by mouth, it travels down to the stomach, were most pills dissolve. While in the stomach, some kinds of pills are absorbed into the stomach lining, but some move on to the small intestine. Every pill eventually ends up in the bloodstream and circulate through the body to tissues and organs (Howell 2017). Once passive diffusion occurs, the cells absorb the molecules of the medicine. Then, the molecules of the medicine will exit the cells and travel in the bloodstream for the distribution process.

“In 2015, more than 6.5 million Americans ages 12 and over used prescription drugs for non-medical purposes in a single month.” (National Survey on Drug Use and Health)

A Framework for Reducing Medication Errors in Healthcare Settings: Managers Perceptions and Attitudes Regarding Errors

Pharmacokinetics (PK): Well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, metabolised in the liver and excreted in the urine. 1-2,4 The average PK parameters of DVS with once-daily dosing are1,4:

How does the way a drug enters the body make a difference in its efforts? There are many different routes that drugs can be introduced to the body. One is, sublingual which means that you can dissolvable drugs under the tongue. The blood flows differently, it bypasses

This process that I explained is only applicable for medications that are taken orally, this doesn’t work for injections, IV’s, nasal routes, ocular routes, rectally, inhalation, nebulizers, etc. Drugs can be administered in a vast variety of ways, it is important when considering what medicine to take, the route it has to take.

"Absorption depends on the drug’s ability to cross cell membranes and resist extensive breakdown by the stomach, liver, and intestines.

Drug dosage form (Liquids ,suspensions, elixirs are readily available for absorption because they are already in solution)

Docetaxel also sold as Taxotere or Docecad, is a settled threatening to mitotic chemotherapy pharmaceutical that works by intruding with cell division. Docetaxel is affirmed by the FDA for treatment of secretly advanced or metastatic chest infection, head and neck development, gastric tumor, hormone-adamant prostate danger and non small cell lung disease. It works by preventing the disease cells from isolating into 2 new cells, so it obstructs the development of tumor. Docetaxel ties to microtubules reversibly with high fondness and has a greatest stoichiometry of one mole docetaxel per mole tubulin in microtubules. Docetaxel can be used as a lone administrator or in mix with other chemotherapeutic pharmaceuticals as shown depending upon

Dithranol (anthralin) [1,2]
 The role of salicylic acid in stabilizing dithranol formulations was an accidental discovery, and led to the development of the Ingram regimen [5], which has played a central part in psoriasis management since, especially in Europe. After a tar bath in which scales and the previous applications are removed, sub erythema UVB is given, and the lesions then precisely covered with dithranol paste. The initial concentration is 0.05 or 0.1%, increasing cautiously up to 4% according to response, and aiming to avoid irritation of the normal or psoriatic skin [5–7].