Does Mood Affects Memory

He found that if the material to be remembered was sang in a rhythmic pattern, rather than spoken or studied by the participant, that the participant would do better on recalling the information, and that music majors performed significantly better than non- music majors on digit recall. Bonin and Smilek (2015), studied the

Memory is divided into three categories. These categories consist of: sensory memory, short term memory and long term memory, out of these short term memory is the main focus in this essay. It has been widely researched due to interest of how much memory can be stored, how long this memory can be stored for and what information is memorised.

This had led psychologists within the approach to explain that memory is build up of three stages: encoding (where information is received), storage (where the information is held) and retrieval (where the information is recalled if necessary.)

In a study done by Jennifer L. Lilley, Crystal D. Oberle, and Jon G. Thompson, Jr. at Texas State University, they tested the effects of grade consequences and music on test anxiety and performance. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of the participants grades if there were consequences and how music effects the participates anxiety and their test performances. There were previous works cited on how people improve their spatial cognitive task performances after listening to Mozart (Ho, Mason, & Spence, 2007). They also included studies where there were no benefits to people’s spatial cognitive task performances after listening to Mozart (Hui, 2006).

Her main question was “why does music feel so good”? Neuroscientists still don’t know why music is so important to people, and why it can change the mood of someone in 3-5 minutes. Another study, done by McGill University and Valorie Salimpoor, brain scanned participants before and after they listened to music that gave them goosebumps or chills. The researchers then injected the participants with a radioactive tracer that binds to the receptors of dopamine. The researchers showed that 15 minutes after listening to the song, their brains flooded with dopamine. There’s a sequel to this experiment that gives the participants 30 seconds of songs they’ve never heard before and gives them a chance to enter a bid to buy the song (with their own money) after the sample.

Therefore, I had evidence that music has positive effects, but I wanted to test the

not only able to affect your mood -- listening to particularly happy or sad music can even change the

The study, “Music Tonality and Context Dependent Recall: The Influence of Key Change and Mood Mediation” by Mead and Ball (2007), discovered that subjects whose learning states were reinstated showed a higher recall rate than those who were in a different context. The participants were randomly placed in four different conditions that manipulated the learning context (major vs. minor key) and the recalling context (major vs. minor key). Two of the conditions tested the reinstatement of the same musical key during learning and recall, as the other two involved key switches between major and minor and vice versa. Each subject was given a four-minute learning period followed immediately by a four-minute recall period in which the conditions may have been changed depending on their group. Mean and Ball’s study showed that there is no significance difference between mood and context dependent memory; however, data did show a higher recall rate when the learning state was reinstated.

Experimenter must compile a playlist beforehand of songs with the following criteria: two Heavy Metal/Hard Rock songs, two Intense Classical, two Relaxing/Meditation songs, and two songs of any genre chosen by experimenter in random order without pausing in between songs

(1993) the descendant academic researchers conducted research on the similar topic. The latter academic laureates conducted an effective research on the ‘Mozart effect' on the human mind and brain. According to the researchers the Mozart effect is prominently the music composed by Mozart has a significant effect on the mind and brain of the human being. Mozart's music or the symphonies composed by Mozart mainly Mozart sonata enhance the capabilities of the human brain as well as increase the thinking capacity of the human mind, so much so that their capacity for performing spatial task is increased by several folds. The descendant academic laureates wanted to find out the longevity of the Mozart effect as well as other types of music's effect on the mind and brain of human beings. For this purpose, they also conducted an another test, where before appearing to the test the participants had to listen to Mozart sonata for 10 minutes, some of the students had to listen composed by Albinoni groups. The test conducted twice on each participant once in a silence condition and next time in music condition. The test was folding papers and cutting task. And the outcome of the test was quite surprising; it was evident in the research that the participants who heard the sonata of Mozart were much more active, and the performances of the participants were improved. It was witnessed, that in silence position both the groups had the same result (Thompson, W.F., Schellenberg, E.G. & Husain, G. 2001). However, in the music condition the participants delivered different results and the participants that heard Mozart sonata gave higher performance as their performance improved in the other hand, the participants who heard the music from Albinoni groups gave worse performance and their performance level is reduced. Therefore, the researcher concluded that the musical excerpts

group of 36 adult college students were exposed to Mozart’s Sonata in D Major for Two Pianos (K448),

A social experiment performed by Dr. Jim Coan and Jason Silva was done on random participants to test the effect of music on their ability to solve little word puzzles. Each participant was given a number of little puzzles to solve dealing with acronyms, each person only got one or two correct. Then, on the second attempt classical music was played for a minute or two before their next

The music was 90’s instrumental and there were from variety of different genres which had 150 musical excerpts that were rated. Then, the participants rated and selected the music from 150 excerpts to 12 final musical excerpts. The participants were given two scales which were mood and arousal. Mood scale was from -3 to +3and where 0 was neutral and the arousal scale ranges from 1 being very low to 4 being moderate and 7 being very high. The participants heard each excerpt twice for 10 seconds, before giving their ratings for either mood or arousal for the music rating part. The manipulation checks instructed participants to rate each musical excerpt according to how the music made them feel, rather than what the music expressed or conveyed. Recalling memory experiment had thirty students and had music from the rating section which were 12 musical excerpts and they had a total of 270 English nouns were used to create 14 study lists. The participants were given 3 min to recall as many 20 words as possible in any order by typing. The second experiment was recognition memory and it has 30 participants as well and had a total of 405 English nouns were used to create 14 test lists the setup and procedure for this experiment was identical to experiment

We believe that music with certain messages can have an effect on mood states. In this experiment we will be looking at how derogatory music will affect the mood state and test performance of women. We believe that music that has sexist themes will result in low mood states and test results of the females in that condition when compared to those in the positive and neutral conditions. Kellaris et al, Schellenberg, Metcalfe, Jones, Steele, and Hallum et al. all published studies about how music effects mood and performance. The Good, et al. study showed how

The goal of this lab is to evaluate the effect of different music on test subjects taking math and literature tests, and see which music is the most distracting and the most helpful for subjects. . The objectives of this lab are to observe the effect that the pop, country, rock, and classical music have on the test subjects, and to measure the amount of problem marked wrong against the amount of problems not completed during the task.