Does The Buerger's Disease Affect Blood Clotting?

Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disease in which blood lacks blood-clotting proteins. Females have two X chromosomes, indicating that they are generally carriers and transmit the gene to their sons. People with mild hemophilia bleed after surgery, injury, or trauma. Severe hemophilia produces spontaneous internal bleeding in joints and muscles. Fortunately, medicines and lifestyle changes offers hemophiliacs fairly normal lives. Through learning about hemophilia, I became interested in genetic diseases and finding a cure for those

The heart, blood and blood vessels make up the basis of the cardiovascular system also known as the circulatory system. The average human body contains approximately 5 litres of blood which is carried around the body via a network of blood vessels split into three types; arteries, veins and capillaries. The arteries are the largest of the three vessels and carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart and are smaller than arteries, then finally the smallest vessels known as capillaries distribute the oxygen rich blood to organs whilst simultaneously picking up the waste carbon dioxide and water from the organs to transport back to the heart where it can be pumped into the lungs to be exhaled.

Blood is made up of straw coloured plasma, the matrix, in which various types of blood are carried. Plasma is mainly water where substances are carried such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, nutrients such as glucose and amino acids, salts, enzymes and hormones. Also there is a combination of important proteins which help with blood clotting, transport,

Hemophilia, once called the royal disease is a problem with the clotting of blood. When a cut or bruise occurs it can bleed causing problems with people who suffer from hemophilia. Patients with hemophilia will continually bleed longer than a normal individual. This bleeding can lead to harmful levels of blood loss to internal bleeding. Hemophilia is very rare occurring once every five thousand people. Rare, however it is the most common x linked trait. When an injury occurs, blood cells called platelets plug the wound. Then fibrins seal it up. Hemophilia splits into two groups hemophilia A and hemophilia B. People who have hemophilia A have low levels of blood clotting factor 8. Hemophilia B patients have low levels of blood clotting factor

For clinical diagnosis, every patient should have evidence of all of the major criteria and at least one of the minor criteria. The major criteria should include: Age of Buerger’s disease onset of less than 50 years; this might be sooner than the age of reporting to a health-care provider. Some patients experience cold sensitivity or thrombophlebitis migrans some years before the onset of ischemia ;( The patient should be from a low socioeconomic class or from a stressful situation or should be an immigrant from a country with social, economic or political crises; Small- and medium-sized arteries of the lower limb are involved; involvement of large vessels should be due to hypercoagulable states or atherosclerotic changes.1,6 Buerger’s disease case reports with involvement of large vessels have not yet confirmed the diagnosis of Buerger’s disease; Dependence of symptoms, in particular burning pain following tobacco usage instead of ‘history of cigarette smoking’. Smoking affects the outcome of many vascular diseases; however, in Buerger’s disease, the patient’s symptoms, in particular the burning pain and TM, have a close relationship with tobacco consumption, even with chewing tobacco. (Bahare Fazeli

Thromboangiitis Obliterans commonly referred to as Buerger’s Disease is a when healthy blood vessels become inflamed or swollen as a result of tobacco use. Symptoms of the disease include pain in the hands and feet, inflammation of veins, and finger/toe discoloration.

Hemophilia is a rare blood condition in which an individual’s blood cannot clot appropriately to stop bleeding. There are two types of Hemophilia, Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B. This paper will be focusing on Hemophilia A, also known as classic hemophilia. “Hemophilia A is a genetic disorder caused by a missing or defective factor VIII, a clotting protein” (National Hemophilia Foundation, n.d., para. 1). Clotting proteins work with cell fragments called platelets to stop bleeding. “When blood vessels are injured, clotting factors help platelets stick together to plug cuts and breaks on the vessels and stop bleeding (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2013, para.

The skin is often involved in vasculitic syndromes, because it is so large and sois richly supplied with blood vessels. Furthermore, iIt is exposed to low temperatures and is subject to the stagnation of blood by pressure and by gravity-dependent stasis. Thus it is peculiarly susceptible to vasculitis, whether primary or secondary as in hepatitis C and other infections, serum sickness, autoimmune disorders or malignant neoplasms.

The capillary exchange is where necessary gases and molecules move between the plasma and the interstitial fluid. Both hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure contribute to this, as they help fluids move in and out of capillaries and through diffusion. Arteries carry blood to the body organs and tissues, and once they reach an organ, branch into small branches called arterioles. These arterioles then branch into capillaries, thin-walled blood vessels, that due to their thin walls are best suited for the exchange of fluid, gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and body tissues. There are two ends of a capillary, arterial and venous. Large tubes known as venules gather blood from the capillaries to form veins. Veins are tubes that carry oxygen-depleted blood to the heart. Collectively, the hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure are significant because they

     Hemophilia is the oldest know, lifelong bleeding disorder(“Hemophilia”2004). It is named for two inherited diseases in which the blood does not clot normally. Several different plasma proteins must be present for blood to clot property. If one of the plasma proteins is missing, or present at low levels, blood clots very slowly(“Hemophilia” The Marshall Cavendish). The two most common types of hemophilia are: Hemophilia A or FactorVIII(8) deficiency and Hemophilia B of FactorIX(9) deficiency(“Hemophilia” 2002). People with Hemophilia A have low levels of one kind of blood clotting protein and people with Hemophilia B have low levels of another kind(“Hemophilia” The new book).

Hemophilia is an abnormal, rare disorder caused when blood does not properly clot, due to a lack of certain proteins. This disorder is genetic and is inherited from the parents of the offspring. Hemophilia does not change a humans lifestyle if it is treated correctly and the person is healthy and active. When a person bleeds, the body automatically forms a clot to stop the bleeding by sealing the blood cells together. Hemophilia occurs when blood particles do not participate in the clotting factors.

Blood Vessels= Blood vessels are a series of tubing that carries blood to and from the heart. The oxygenated blood leave the heart and supplies oxygen and nutrients to your body via the arteries. After going through the capillaries, veins return deoxygenated and waste products to the heart, (through the vena cova). After leaving the right ventricle through the pulomonary arteries, the blood gets oxygenated in the lungs, gets rid of carbon dioxide from the body and then returns to the left atrium from the pulmonary vein, then the left ventricle to repeat the process again.

Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder that slows down the blood clotting process. People who have hemophilia often have longer bleeding after an injury or surgery. People who have severe hemophilia have spontaneous bleeding into the joints and muscles. Hemophilia occurs more commonly in males than in females.

Hemophilia is an inherited genetic disorder that can affect both males and females, but is seen more frequently in males due to the disorder being x-linked recessive. This disorder effects the human body in a way where a person cannot form blood clots because they lack clotting factors. If someone were to receive a papercut, this event lead to prolonged bleeding. The severity of hemophilia ranges from person to person depending on how abnormal or deficient their coagulation factors are (Tiunstseva et al, 2003). Hemophilia has played an important part in Europe, specifically the royal family. Queen Victoria was a carrier of this genetic disorder. She gave birth to a son who ended up having hemophilia while her other two daughters did not exhibit

Haemophilia is an inherited blood disorder in which the blood does not clot and the bleeding disorders are due to defects in the blood vessels, the coagulation mechanism, or the blood platelets. An individual who is suffering from the disorder may bleed spontaneously and doesn’t clot or may bleed for longer period as compared to normal, healthy person.