Dolly The Sheep

Animal cloning is getting popular by scientists day by day after the success of the sheep Dolly which was the first animal clone in the world. Dolly was created effectively by Roslin Instute scientist in Edinburgh (TechNyou) and she was euthanized when she was six year old due to a virus-induced lung tumour (Mott M., 2004). Even though the relevant scientists report that there is no evidence that cloning might be the cause of the disease of Dolly (Mott M., 2004), most of the scientists agree that cloning animals cannot be

Six years ago, an event in genetic history changed our perspective on "reproduction" and added to our conscience a new element in the study of biology. On February 23, 1997, the world was introduced to Dolly, a 6-month-old lamb that was cloned from a single cell taken from the tissue of an adult donor. Ever since the birth of this sheep, a question that never before existed now lingers in the mind of many: should human cloning be a part of our society?

This gave many people suspicion that cloned animals aged prematurely. However, a daily anti-inflammatory treatment resolved the clinical signs within a few months. While Dolly was continuing to get better, in January of 2001, Cedric, one of the cloned sheep, died. Cedric died of Sheep Pulmonary Adenomatosis, which is caused by a virus that induces tumors to grow in the lungs of affected animals. The virus is infectious and spread to other sheep by close contact. Scientist immediately removed Dolly from the pen even though there was a good chance she was already infected. Dolly did die of SPA after many, many months of the other sheep deaths. While this may seem like a negative, it is actually a common disease of regular conceived sheep. This long and effective research experiment showed many people in the science world that cloning animals has a very bright future.(The Roslin Institute)

Researchers then began to test and experiment with stem cells, which led to the breakthrough of dolly the sheep in 1997. Dolly was the first artificial animal clone; she was made by “fusing a sheep egg with an udder cell and implanting the resulting hybrids into a surrogate mother sheep” (Coghlan). Dolly the sheep gave researchers the idea that there was a possibility of creating the same kind of experiment with human stem cells. Therefore, in 1998, human stem cells are isolated in a lab by James Thompson and John Gearhart. The process of stem cell research in humans then sparked much controversy, causing Bush to ban federal funding for stem cell research in 2001 in order to calm protesters. There was testing that did happen in other countries around the world, but the federal ban was continuous in America until 2009, when Obama lifted the ban and restrictions that were put into place by Bush.This lift has once again reignited the controversy surrounding stem cell research and the moral consequences it may

During Dolly’s life, Dolly produced six offspring naturally and she died at age six despite the life expectancy for a sheep being usually twelve years. Her early ageing may reflect that her donor nucleus was from a six year old sheep or Dolly’s shorter chromosomes.

They took a cell from an adult sheep’s udder and extracted the DNA. It was then put into a “blank” cell. This was the first time an adult cell had been used instead of an embryo cell. Adult cells do not have as much DNA as embryo cells. After 277 attempts an embryo was finally produced. Six days later the cells were transferred into a surrogate mother. The pregnancy progressed like normal and Dolly, named after singer Dolly Parton, was born on July 5th, 1996. Dolly lived for six years, which is only half the lifespan of a normal sheep. Dolly even had lambs. This first cloning led to many discussions about the morals of cloning. Animals cloned can have various health defects. The discussion even was presented that if humans were cloned they would lack personality and emotions. While humans haven’t been cloned great gains have been

As stated in the article Hyun, I. (2010). The bioethics of stem cell research and therapy. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 120(1), 71-5. Retrieved February 3, 2011, from ProQuest Health and Medical Complete. (Document ID: 1940548141), embryonic stem cells were first isolated and cultured in 1998 by donated couples no longer intending to us them for themselves. From that point in time is started a never ending controversy with researchers and religious groups. Some of the people’s concerns are towards human cloning and the mixing of animal species. There have yet to be any word of human cloning or any type of mixing of human and animal species, but there has been cloning done on mammals. A group of Scottish scientists clone a sheep back in 1996, her name was Dolly. Dolly later died of a lung infection at age 6.

Cloning and genetically modifying humans is now more attainable than ever due to strides made by science. With a relatively short history, cloning and genetic engineering have been a new concept for many people in society with the first proof of cloning being dolly the sheep, the first successful clone born by the somatic cell nuclear-transfer procedure [1]. Cloning over the years has evolved and now could be used to someday help people requiring organ transplants, recover from traumatic injuries and aid infertile couples with its reproductive possibilities [4].

The ethical concerns with cloning didn’t become a problem until Dolly, the sheep, was created. Many years before Dolly very similar experiments were being performed; however, those experiments did not spark much public concern regarding cloning. Over fifty years

Ever since the birth of the first cloned sheep, named Dolly, the dream of human cloning has existed (Van Dijck, 1999). Cloning a mammal is described as the manipulation of an animal or human cell in order to create an identical copy of that animal’s or human’s nucleic DNA (Andrews, 1997). Though the dream of a human clone also comes with a lot of controversy regarding ethics and morals. Embryotic stem cell research, which could lead to a renewable source of human tissue, cells and eventually entire organs (Bowring, 2004), is highly controversial due to the necessity of placing a cloned embryo into a woman’s body

The sheep named Dolly was successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell using the above laboratory technique. She was cloned by Ian Wilmut, Keith Campbell and colleagues at the Roslin Institute, part of the University of Edinburgh, Scotland (Edwards, 1999). The experiment started with 277 fused eggs but only 29 fused eggs became fertilized. The fertilized eggs were transferred into 13 sheep, however only one sheep became pregnant successfully. The other remaining 12 sheep failed to pregnant and several dead fetuses were then discovered from them. The successful clone, Dolly was born on July 5, 1996. Unfortunately, Dolly only live up to the age of six which is

Introduction- Cloning is defined as two organisms having identical genetic DNA and has been around since the early 1800s. When people think of the word ‘cloning’ many think of Dolly the sheep; however, the first organism to ever be cloned was a sea urchin in 1885. When scientists created Dolly, they took a cell from the mammary gland from an adult Finn Dorset sheep and an egg cell from a Scottish blackhead sheep. Dolly’s white face was the first sign that she was genetically modified because if she wasn 't, she would have a black face like her surrogate mother. After her procedure, the scientists named her after the country singer, Dolly Parton. (1,2,3,5)

The journey that human cloning has taken has been one of dramatic highs and lows, heated arguments and confusion about the path ahead. When researchers witnessed the birth of the first cloned mammal, they were ecstatic, but this high ended with the tragic early death of this sheep, Dolly, due to abnormalities (Jaenisch 2004: 2787). The initial success and progress in this field fueled scientists to want to do further research into this technology, which would eventually leading to work with human embryos. This work grew to a high enough profile to be addressed by former president George W. Bush, who decided to take away all funding for human cloning. This cut included both therapeutic cloning that worked with embryos not intended to be

In July 5 1996, Dolly the sheep, is the first organism to be successfully cloned. Although it took 277 attempts to clone Dolly, the Roslin Institute managed to “resurrect” Dolly back to life again. She was the living proof that cloning an organism was attainable, therefore mark the rise of several cloning experiments. Numerous scientist names began to flood the media, such as Shinya Yamanaka, Hwang Woo-Suk and Dr. Panayiotis Zavos (Murray, Embryonic Stem Cells: Where Are the Cures? Thousands, probably hundreds of thousands, of lives killed under microscopes. Not one cure. Not one apology. Sample, What’s Wrong with Cloning Human). These people and some other scientist around the world have been trying to find a way to make cloning safer for

Many Americans do not understand how risky it will be to clone a human, not to mention how hard it is to clone an animal. Many news article and publications offer this information to the public, because many scientists will not address the media with the real facts. In an article titled, “Creator of cloned sheep, Dolly, says he wouldn’t want to make copies of humans”, Dr. Wilmut stresses that only 1-5% of those embryos used in cloning result in live animals, and survivors are plagued with obesity, kidney problems and other troubles, and even Dolly is suffering from arthritis (1). Most cloned animals, like cows, pigs, goats, sheep, die during embryonic development, and others are stillborn with monstrous abnormalities. Bloated mothers have laborious miscarriages, and occasionally die themselves. The clones usually struggle for air in intensive care units, only to have to be euthanized, the process of ending the life of an individual suffering from a terminal illness or an incurable condition, according to an MSNBC article titled, “Much confusion over cloning” (1). The risks and uncertainties associated with the current technological state of cloning are the basis for why