Domestic Violence Annotated Bibliography

Hate crime is a motivated violent act by a group or individual perpetrator towards a specific race, colour or religion (Collins, Pg 93,192). For many years, authority figures and the media have ignored hate crime offences towards individuals who identify under the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) umbrella. Up until the 20th century and prior to the 1964 Civil Rights Act, LGBTQ persons have been victimized in violent crimes based solely on gender identification and orientation. With a myriad of events, cases and unreported individual incidents the burden of proof towards hate crime on LQBTQ increased. The development of North American law towards LGBTQ citizens has improved throughout the last two decades. However, there

There are usually not many reports made about same-sex violence because many were ashamed or thought their situation would not get heard. These individuals feel like their problems would be determined less serious over heterosexual abuse situations. “Lesbian and Gays are more reluctant to report abuse to legal authorities because they fear that they are showing a lack of solidarity among the gay and lesbian community. Many individuals may think there is a difference between the risk factor among heterosexual couples and same-sex couples, however there is no major difference. Also, according to Seccombe (2015) “The rate of abuse in gay and lesbian relationships is similar to or even higher than that in heterosexual relationships, around 25 to 30 percent” (p.322). As we look at the lesbian and gay community we see that they just want to fit in, so this is another reason their stories become unknown. There are many reason to think only woman get victimized, men are victimized, as well. To add, the individuals who describe themselves in the female role are victimized, based on the gender norms where woman should be unassertive and house labors instead of being in the workforce. So, therefore, there is not a major difference or any difference between the risk factors between the heterosexuals and the lesbian and gay intimate

We had a guest speaker from Mutual Ground that explained what programs and services Mutual Ground offers people who face Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Teaching us about the various forms of abuse people in a relationship face. Based on the various forms someone seeks power and control in a relationship. Such as using coercion and threats, intimidation, emotional abuse, economic abuse, male privilege, children, isolation and minimizing, denying and blaming their partner to suppress their partner and have power and control. Our guest speaker talked about some of the plans they have to help the LGBTQ community to provide the same services to help victims of sexual violence and domestic violence get the necessary help needed to protect everybody

In 2013, nearly 200 reported cases of sexual orientation-based hate crimes were reported in Canada; of those crimes, 66% involved violence (Watson, 2015). Scott Jones, a young homosexual man was the victim of one of these attacks. The brutal attack rendered him paralyzed. Through the support of family and friends, he was able to collaborate with them to create “Don’t be afraid” in an effort to draw awareness to LBGT violence and help promote acceptance (Jones, 2015). He is able to provide insight through his experiences in the healthcare system such as the roles and collaboration used in his care, as well as being inspirational.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) in same-sex relationships is similar and nearly identical to IPV in heterosexual relationships, however, IPV in the LGBT community has a few unique issues. Victims of IPV in the LGBT community have to face many people in society that are homophobic. Though society has become a lot more open in accepting the LGBT community, victims still face negative attitudes from the community making it difficult for them to report the violence. If victims have not come out and announced their same-sex relationships, it makes it difficult for researchers to learn about the IPV among LGBT relationships. They also may not report the violence because if it is exposed it may reveal that they are part of the LGBT community and they

This report examines ‘Another Closest’, a promotion organisation that utilises social justice practices to impact social, cultural and political changes in connection to domestic violence between same sex couples. “The reality is that domestic violence occurs at approximately the same rate in gay and lesbian relationships as it does in heterosexual unions.” (Elliot, P., 1996) The data in this report has been accumulated with primary and secondary sources that through qualitative analysis of documentation,

Domestic violence can happen to anyone of any age and gender starting from babies and ending to elderlies in homes they are sent to live in. Regardless of one’s sexual orientation and race domestic violence can occur to anyone who are in relationships. Domestic violence not only affects those who are the victims but also to the people who are close to them such as neighbors, children, family members, co- workers, and people who have an insight on the situation. It is important for the victim to address the problem with someone who can help. Although the abuser can promise to change and get better, the victim must remove himself or herself from the situation to reduce risks of long-term affects.

Intimate partner violence occurs among partners who are in a relationship. Such partners can either be married, engaged, and or dating and in either heterosexual or same-sex relationships. Both, male and females, can either be the victim or the perpetrator of such horrific episodes of violence against their partner. Women, for instance, are very aggressive and violent in self-defense while men, on the other hand, are most likely to engage in cycles of abuses and thus the notion that they are more violent and particularly against women (McLennan & MacMillan, 2016).

At times, domestic violence shelters turn heterosexual women with/or without children away because the shelter is full. However, there remains a problem of discrimination and the fear of outing involving victims of IPV regarding and within the LGBTQ communities. I realize that there may more IPV and domestic violence cases in the LGBTQ communities that go unreported than in heterosexual relationships. This reason may affect the lack of data and any resources made available along with outing threats by abusers to relatives, friends, community, etc. Therefore, individuals in the LGBTQ communities may not report the abuse. In fact, intimate partner violence in the LGBTQ may be the same or more prevalent for abuse from their partners as in a heterosexual

They live in a word that gives them permission.” This culture of violence is based on different ideologies that support gender-motivated violence. The male is the dominant sex. The female is the weaker sex. Women have less power, less respect and less economic incentive than men. The same principle that justify violence against women extends itself to LGBT women and transgender men. Violence is justifying by myths such as rape can be a “cure” that discourage homosexuality. “She changed her mind afterward”. “If she’s going to be raped, she may as well lie back and enjoy it.” (Perry 2009) In 2010, CDS published a report that shows 46 percent of bisexual women have been raped, compared to 17 percent of heterosexual women and 13 percent of lesbians. The persistence of violence against gay community is considered as a way to achieve hegemonic

“Only approximately one-quarter of all physical assaults, one-fifth of all rapes, and one-half of all stalkings perpetuated against females by intimate partners are reported to the police” (Tjaden). How does this happen? Anyone who sees this statistic is firstly appalled, and secondly unable to comprehend how such blatant abuse occurs without reprimand. And furthermore, someone who has studied sexuality would look at this statistic and wonder about how many men or transgender people are affected by physical assaults, rapes, and stalkings. But regardless of your response to this statistic, there is one thing that we all can agree on: domestic violence must stop now. And for us to move

In chapter three, Same-Sex Intimate-Partner Violence–Lifting the Veil of Denial, the author Anne Sullivan and Kristen Kuehnle are trying to demonstrate that intimate-partner violence in same-sex relationships is a serious social problem, “while simultaneously dispelling the myths surrounding its occurrence.” The article begins by defining domestic violence. The authors then examine the history of the recognition of wife abuse. Before the 1970’s wife abuse was not seen as a social problem. In many cases it was seen as acceptable. Much as spousal abuse was ignored prior to the 1970’s, same-sex partner violence is being ignored today. According to the studies examined by the authors, same sex partner violence tend to happen at the same rate as heterosexual intimate partner abuse. The problem lies that many of the

Reflecting on the path my answer might take, it is possible that the resources and services available in Ottawa reflect a heteronormative belief about society. Put another way; the services could reproduce the erasure of lesbian experiences of partner violence. In this sense, the experience of heterosexual women and lesbian women could be conflated, and all women offered the same services. That being said, lesbian women may not have their needs met in a way that is concrete or meaningful. Consequently, it is necessary for service and resources that respond to intimate partner violence to offer services outside of a heterosexual lens to better meet the needs of lesbian survivors.

We have all heard the term “domestic violence”, but what we aren’t doing is using our eyes to see it. Domestic violence can be happening in any home, whether rich or poor, black or white (or any other race, for that matter), straight or gay. While some clues may be given away by bruises or broken bones, we often do not notice that emotional violence is a form of domestic violence as well. We tend to not see it because emotional abuse has become such a norm these days; putting people down and talking to people in negate ways are seen throughout each day, whether it be from our significant others, friends, bosses, even our president. However, that does not make it okay. Sexual violence is a form of domestic violence, and it should not go unnoticed either. Forcing oneself on his or her significant other without consent can lead to rape, and that can occur in romantic relationships. However, we often do not see these cases because sex is a normal casualty in relationships and can be hard to prove. Other forms of domestic violence include, but are not limited to, economical abuse and psychological abuse.

There are different issues and circumstances when it becomes to intimate partner violence in same sex couple that explained why they are excluded. For, one it is gendered roles, Gendered roles has played a huge part in same sex violence. The different circumstances and labels between lesbian and gay couple are astoundingly. It helps to look at the real issue from both perspectives instead of putting them together as one. “Studies report show that between two