Domestic Violence Sociology

Social class plays a key role in everyday life of millions around the world. So it is clear that social class would play a role in domestic violence. Knowing that domestic violence knows no boundaries it is correct to say that wealth does not protect against violence. In the article Economic stress and Domestic Violence by Claire M. Renzetti from the National Online Resource Center on Violence against Women, they bring social class and domestic violence into clear view. One discussion in the article which we have to take into account when looking at social class and domestic violence is well put when she stats “the data we have about domestic violence comes from samples to which researchers have greatest access, such as individuals who use social services and these individuals are more likely to have low incomes” (Renzetti, 2009). With this in mind it is clear to see why there are so many articles on low income violence. As she states from a study done by Benson and Fox (2003) from analyzing data from the National Survey of Household and Families, the family income increases the likelihood of domestic violence decrease. It is becoming clearer that even though we know that domestic

Domestic violence is also a result of gender inequality (Furze et al, 2008). Gender acts as a stratification system that creates inequalities between men and women by ranking men above women within the same race and class (Lorber, 2003, as cited by Knoblock, 2008). Because men had a higher rank, they had more power and more prestige than women. This paved way for male domination of women in society (Knoblock, 2008). Gender inequality also reinforced stereotypes about masculinity and femininity i.e. men were tough, authoritative, powerful whilst women were passive, weak and dependent (Knoblock, 2008). These ideas permeated society, and hence provided reasons for men to think that they have a right to assault a woman (Knoblock, 2008). The link between domestic violence and gender inequality is

The article constructs domestic violence as an issue of gender, race and socioeconomic status. Women are identified as the “majority” of victims (Taylor 2014). Consequently, the article conceptually represents domestic violence as events of intimate terrorism where one partner violently terrorizes the other partner to gain complete control over the relationship, which is entirely perpetrated by men (Johnson 2012). With that said, Johnson (2012) points out that majority of domestic violence is situational couple violence, where both the man and the

Violence against women has existed for centuries and women experience violence in many setting; however, domestic violence is the most prevalent. Abela and Walker (2014) explain that the women’s right movement took place because women were maltreated and oppressed (78). They state that the victimization of women was the reason why the second wave of the feminist movement arose. They also explain that during this time, laws in the Untied States allow men to hit their wives (Abela & Walker 79). Women from different cultures and different economic status have been victims of domestic violence. In this paper, I will focus on domestic violence against women from different cultures. I will present information about the history of domestic violence

Social interaction for the victims of domestic abuse becomes very difficult. It does not matter which of the many types they have experienced. They have been manipulated into losing their self-confidence, and could believe they do not have what it takes to function in public. There is a real fear of putting themselves out of their comfort zone. In many cases, the victim of abuse is embarrassed and worried what others will think of their appearance or that they may behave differently than expected.

Domestic violence effects every nationality from the poor to the young spreading through generations of every culture. Domestic abuse is a growing problem that affects millions of people in all types of relationships. The emotions that accompanies through domestic violence causes pain through physical assaults and long lasting psychological trauma. The long extensive abuse leads to death. There are several areas of domestic violence. In this comparison study I will identify and describe four major areas of domestic violence, which include physical abuse, mental/emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and domestic homicide. In this study I will also identify how these areas of domestic violence affect the countries of The United States of America, Japan, Russia, Canada and Africa.

Domestic violence has been an ongoing problem for many years women are often abused physically mentally and emotionally. When domestic violence occurs there are past reasons that the domestic partner is mentally capable of distributing this type of violence. Women have fallen victim to domestic abuse forever, domestic abuse is an undeserved issue that someone with sociological issues develops a violent rage and then acts and reacts in a violent manner. Over time domestic violence has increased and this increase can be attributed to the contribution of how people are treated as children, the examples that their parents set for them, as well as people and issues in their present situations that may also contribute to violent attributes.

As mentioned before and regarding gender, women are far more likely than men to be victims of domestic violence (Kimmel and Holler, 2011, 375). Sev’er (2002) suggests an interesting finding regarding men and women who have fallen victim or have witnessed domestic abuse in their childhood. In her findings, Sev’er concluded that in comparison to non-violent men, violent men were three times more likely to have witnessed violence as a child, meanwhile, women who were raised in violent homes were twice as likely to fall victim to a form of domestic violence as opposed to women who were not raised in non-violent homes (109). As a child, if their role models, such as their fathers, got away with violence, they would assume that violent behaviour was acceptable (Sev’er, 2002, 109)

In the United States today, 85% of domestic violence victims are women, and only 15% are men. Domestic violence can be anything that involves physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm. (“What is Domestic Violence?”) Domestic violence dramatically affects more women than men. Roughly about “38,028,000 women have experienced physical intimate partner violence in their lifetimes” (Huffington post). Domestic violence is an extensive complication in American society. In the United States alone there are multiple states with a high ranking rate when it comes to domestic violence. Ranked #1-10 with females being murdered by males, in 2011, with South Carolina as #1. Domestic violence is caused by many different situations and complications

The model demonstrates the interaction ‘between individual, relationship, community and societal factors’ (CDC, 2015). The first level identifies individual factors which can increase the likelihood to become a victim or a perpetrator. Individual factors can be; the age, low level of education, but also violent childhood, sexual abuse in childhood as well as alcohol and drugs and personality disorders (CDC, 2015 and WHO ,2012, p.4).The second level of the model describes the relationship factors; this can be conflicts in the partnership such as displeasure or the women has a higher education as her partner which leads to /or increase low self-esteem by the male partner but also economic inequalities can be crucial ( CDC,2015 and WHO ,2012, p.4).The third and fourth level ( community and societal factors) developed through diverse studies with regard to intimidate partner violence and demonstrates the influences of environment such as poverty, social acceptance of violence, belief of gender role and misconstruction of norms, such as the man has the right to discipline the women or the women deserves punishment ,but also low social and economic status are determined ( CDC ,2015 and WHO ,2012, p.4).Studies occupy that intimate partner violence has massively physical and psychosomatically consequences to the victims. Moreover, other pathways such as chronic sicknesses such as depressions, phobias and other disease can arise. Accordingly, to the WHO (2012) and FRA (2012) survey, women who experienced domestic violence have a higher risk to commit suicide compared with women in a non-abusive relationship. In addition, violence can lead to reproductive health consequences such as abortion, unwanted pregnancies, miscarriages and negative sexual behaviour. Above all, evidence shows that also the

Only twenty years ago, domestic violence was seen as a private family matter rather than of public community concern. During the 1960’s and 70’s, second wave feminism and the Battered Women’s Movement highlighted the problem of family violence to the fore, where individuals assisted victims by providing shelter for women and children and taking political action to advocate the hidden societal causation of the violence; gender inequality. The social issue up until this stage had little to none empirical knowledge, theoretical explanations were not exposed and social workers were not effectively trained to assist with the problem. Family violence initially occurs at a micro level within the home, but is a much larger macro issue. Domestic violence

Domestic Violence (DV) is a critical social issue that negatively impacts not only our own culture in America but as well as all other cultures around the world. Domestic Violence is a global issue reaching across national boundaries as well as socio-economic, cultural, racial and class distinctions (Kaur & Garg 2008). Domestic Violence is a serious problem that can be seen around every society from families of both developed and underdeveloped countries and of different backgrounds. Although there are various cases of domestic violence against men, children and the elderly; women account for the majority percentage of victims of Domestic Violence. This violence can take the form of physical assault, psychological abuse, financial abuse or sexual assault (Kaur & Garg 2008). Domestic Violence is a trend that is on the rise and will continue to plague our society if nothing is done on time to address this social issue.

Domestic violence, also more known as Intimate Partner Violence, affects individuals in all social classes and racial/ethnic groups is a statement that has been said and taught over again for many years. Yes that statement above holds logic and truth, but there is also an inverse relationship to it. One of the most consistent findings from research is a strong inverse relationship between social class and intimate partner violence (Renzetti, 2009). In other words, as social class status goes up, cases of domestic violence goes down, and vice versa for lower social classes. Analyses of large, national surveys, for example, show that women living in households with the lowest annual incomes were five times more likely to have experienced

Domestic Violence is a human tragedy, and has been a part of life for many individuals. It is not subjective to a particular group, race, or culture. Historically, the feminist movement preserved the theory that domestic violence is a growing matter because of the continuous power differential between the male gender and the female gender. Remarkably, this approach on domestic disputes unveiled the inner workings of barriers men, women, and children would face when in a domestic violence situation. The feminist theory emphasizes on studying “the gendered nature of all relationships…which aims at understanding how gender is related to social inequalities and oppression” (Marsigila & Kulis, 2015, p. 148). Disastrously, an ignorant notion that once dominated our culture was the belief that emotional agony was less painful than physical brutality. However,

Domestic violence has had a widespread, international effect on intimate relationships with both men and women acting as aggressors and victims. Though domestic violence is an international issue, with many women being affected in non-Western and developing countries, much of the research and literature has focused on Western countries. However, as this is such an international problem, it is essential to draw research from areas affected by rampant domestic violence all over the world. It is also essential to study and document the occurrence of domestic violence against every age, as it can start among couples in their early teens all the way to elderly couples. This paper reflects on four peer-reviewed articles concerning factors and circumstances that often lead to higher incidences of domestic violence as well as ways to combat this issue. Through studying various peer-reviewed articles concerning domestic violence, many issues were identified that seemed to be associated with increased levels of domestic violence. For instance, male dominance and female dependence often correlated with a higher level of domestic violence. It is imperative that access to education, as well as greater awareness to the issue of domestic violence, be increased throughout the world in order to prevent and diminish the occurrence of domestic violence. It is also important to begin teaching children about domestic violence and how to avoid engaging in and be able to leave violent