Dominant Limb

Anatomy and Physiology of a human body in relation to the importance of correct moving and positioning of individuals

Task 1: Outline the anatomy and physiology of the human body in relation to the importance of correct moving and positioning of individuals

According to Beek, Peper, and Stegeman (1995), “the motor control theories provide an explanation on how the nervous system will solve the degrees of freedom problem and serve to direct movement command.” The following theories are the generalized motor program theory and the dynamical systems theory. The GMP theory “proposes that the movement plan is retrieved from memory within the central nervous system and neural instructions are sent down to the effectors via the efferent pathways.” The dynamical systems approach on the other hand, “does not propose a hierarchical control, but suggests that movements emerge through self-organization of the interaction of the body and environment.” It can be said that everybody’s “bodily movements occur in the context of the everyday functioning of people while realizing specific task goals.” As a general, yet acquired rule, “such movements involve the participation of multiple joints and limbs.” Moreover, when in action, these body parts are “coordinated and are brought into proper relation to one another as well as to the surrounding layout of surface.” The coordination of these body parts may “look relatively simple, as in picking up an object, or relatively complicated, as in juggling, performing an attacking forehand drive in table tennis or playing the drums.” To the psychomotor scientist or researcher, however, “all coordination is complex in that he or she is confronted with the challenge to explain

2013). Functional lateralization is found to form at an early age, and lateralized connections can be unique amongst individuals (Nielson et al. 2013). Change in lateralization with age is insignificant, defending that lateralization development occurs during the stages of early development (Nielson et al. 2013). Current studies have concluded that lateralization does not vary amongst genders, but instead individuals (Nielson et al. 2013). The question of left or right brain dominant has arisen after Sperry’s contributions. Research has concluded that left or right brain dominance does not exist as a whole, but instead varies amongst individuals (Nielson et al.

The author starts off by recalling his personal experiences with phantom limbs. A young boy had a phantom limb phenomenon. The term phantom limb was first used by Silas Weir Mitchell in 1872. Phantom limb seems to occur because of the images created by the images of the body and makes the person always believe that it is all there even after an amputation. The body is basically trying to make sense of the amputation. It is not actually caused by incorrect neural activity. It is actually more built from the part of the brain that creates the mental image of the body. Turns out on 90 percent of amputee actually have a phantom limb experience. Researchers have tried to treat phantom limb with the mirrors and Virtual Reality.

The phantom limb pain the woman is experiencing is described as a painful condition of the amputated limb after the stump has completely healed. It is a chronic pain that occurs in more than 80% of amputees especially those who suffered pain in the limb before the amputation. Theories suggest that phantom limb pain results from redevelopment or hyperactivity of cut peripheral nerves, scar tissue or neuroma formation in the cut peripheral nerves, spinal cord deafferentation, and alterations in the thalamus and cortex. More so, the CNS integration, which involves reorganization and plastic modifications of the somatosensory cortex, effects the receptors in perceiving the pain of the amputated limb despite of the limb itself being absent. In addition,

Most of the coordination of the primates especially the movement from place to place are aided by the sight. The primates can only have the sense of smell when the source of the smell is very close to them. Another important general characteristic of primates is the possession of the four limbs (Srivastava 2009). All the primates have four limbs but in some like the humans, the forelimbs are specialized to be hands. The forelimbs provide the strength of the primates. All the activities revolving around their daily activities including movement, work, jumping, eating, etc. are all aided by the use of the limbs that is the legs and the

When one administered the dynamometer to measure gross motor strength while another one administered the lateral pinch meter for fine motor strength, there was a significant different in the amount of strength between Angelo’s right upper extremity and left upper extremity. After three trials on both arms through both of these assessment tools occurred, the results indicated that his left upper extremity was significantly weaker than his right upper extremity, all because of his cerebrovascular

[Rajan, T. (2008, February 13). Phantom Limbs: A Neurobiological Explanation. Retrieved March 16, 2017, from http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/exchange/serendipupdate/phantom-limbs-neurobiological-explanation]

Phantom limb occurs not only in those who lose a limb or were never born with one, it can occur in people who are paraplegic that have a complete break in the spinal cord. Even though no signals can get

For many decades people have been considered to be either right or left side dominant in regards to brain function which came with defined roles such as “creative” or “analytical”. This thinking tends to be over-simplified as most people use their entire brains daily (Jensen, 2010). On the other hand people do use different parts of their brain for different tasks according to how they perceive those tasks.

I am interested in the study of phantom limbs because it is an interesting phenomena where someone can feel something that is not there. In the module 3 quiz and the reading for that quiz this topic was introduced to me and it intrigued my interest. It is also really intriguing that they sometimes feel pain related to their incidents before or during surgical and nonsurgical amputations(where it was removed by the incident or afterwards by a surgeon). I feel that it would be particularly interesting if someone's pain was directly connected to the last moments of that limb being attached where neurons were responding to what was going on. Another question that is on my mind about this topic is that what if the phantom limb experience is

Glenohumeral joint kinematics change in an adaptive manner to chronic overhead activity, seen in multiple sports especially in baseball, volleyball, handball, and basketball(16-18). This involves all tissues of the shoulder – bone, capsule, and muscle(19). During normal human development the humeral head rotates from a retroverted position at birth to an anteverted position as an adult. However, when individuals begin overhead throwing at an early age, extrinsic forces on the humerus cause the humeral head to remain in relative retroversion compared to that of the non-dominant arm. This, combined with tightness of the posteroinferior capsule from chronic reactive scarring, and with scapular

Therefore, while correlational design methodology was definitely the way to go for this study, it seems that the use of self-report measures seems to have hampered the study’s reliability and perhaps its validity as well, as the questionnaire developed seems to have been incomprehensive, and participants not fitting within its bounds needed to be questioned individually (Giummarra et al., 2010). Nonetheless, the dataset that was gathered appears to be broad enough in scope to have reduced these issues to the point that they may only skew the data within the margin of error. Additionally, this study is certainly a pivotal reference point for future studies on the subject of phantom limbing, and, with better funding and the power of

The hand you use for most tasks is your dominant hand. For most people this is the right hand. You use your dominant hand for activities that require fine motor skills, such as painting, writing, or controlling a computer mouse. For about one out of 10 people, the left hand is dominant. People who use different hands for different tasks are known as mixed-handed. Someone who is mixed-handed