Down Syndrome : An Mysterious Genetic Condition

Down syndrome is named after Dr. J.L. Down, who first discovered and studied the condition. It is part of a large number of disabilities known as intellectual disabilities. Down syndrome is present at birth and individuals are usually diagnosed during pregnancy or shortly after birth. There are three types of Down syndrome. The most common of these involves an extra number 21 chromosome, which gives the individual 47 instead of 46 total chromosomes. A chromosome breaking and then reattaching to another chromosome characterizes translocation, which is the second type of Down syndrome. The third type, nondisjunction occurs when a pair of chromosomes fail to separate properly during nuclear division. Individuals with this disability usually

Did you know that close to 6,000 babies are born with Down syndrome every year in the United States? The most common type of chromosomal condition is Down syndrome and there are a few different types of this condition, along with, several different traits that are displayed with this condition. I have always been interested in the topic of Down syndrome and thought it was a great idea to study more about it for my speech. First, I will tell you about what Down syndrome is and who discovered it. Second, I will talk to you about some symptoms and characteristics of this chromosome disorder. Third, I will discuss the 3 different types of this condition, and lastly, how they diagnose Down syndrome prenatally.

. Down syndrome is not a disease that someone catches and is not caused by difficulties during the pregnancy, it is a genetic condition. This condition is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome in the body’s cells and causes a redundant amount of proteins to be formed. All cells of the body derive from a single cell formed by the fusion of a father’s sperm and a mother’s egg. Each cell carries a nucleus full of genetic material known as genes. These genes are inherited from both the mother and father. Each cell normally contains 46 pairs of chromosomes. 23 chromosomes come from one parent and 23 from the other, hence the 46 pairs. When it comes to children with down syndrome, one of the chromosomes does not separate properly and so the

Thousands of babies are born a day in the United States. One out every 691 babies born has Down syndrome, a disorder caused by an extra copy of the chromosome twenty one. In short, this syndrome shortens the person’s life span, and causes assorted severity of mental retardation. Those carrying this extra chromosome have flattened noses, rounder faces, are petite in size, and are much more prone to additional unhealthy disturbances or effects on substantial systems in the body.

The genetic disorder of Trisomy 21, or Down syndrome is one that has often interested me. I understand that many children born with his genetic disorder can in fact live a full life, often with assistance. When answering the question of what exactly Down syndrome is, a good definition can be one describing this disorder as a genetic condition where a person has an extra 21st chromosome. The typical person has 46 chromosomes, therefore the person born with Down syndrome has 47. This extra chromosome brings with it some physical and cognitive characteristics that include mild to severe cognitive delay, low muscle tone, stunted growth, an easily identifiable upward slant to the eyes, generally a deep crease across the center of the palm and the appearance of a flat face. We have to keep in mind however, that each person with Down syndrome is an individual and might have some of these characteristics to different degrees, or possibly none at all.

Symptoms of down syndrome are the following Flat facial features, Small head, Short neck, Protruding tongue, Upward slanting eyes, that is unusual for the child's ethnic group, Unusually shaped or small ears, Poor muscle tone. Broad, short hands with a single crease in the palm, Relatively short fingers and small hands and feet, Excessive flexibility. Tiny white spots on the colored part or the iris of the eye called Brushfield spots, Short height. Infants and children with down syndrome may be average size at birth , but typically they grow slower and remain shorter than other children the same age. In general, developmental milestones, such as sitting, crawling or walking may occur at about twice the age of child without impairment. People with down syndrome also suffer from cognitive delays. People affected by down syndrome varies greatly, it can happen to anyone, although more common in pregnant mothers 35 years or older. the cause of down syndrome is due to having an extra chromosome, therefore it is a disorder that happens 99% randomly and only 1% genetically. Unfortunately there is no cure, treatment or prevention for down syndrome as of today, but scientists are continuing to research for a cure. People with Down Syndrome live healthy, active lives and can function in an everyday environment.

Down syndrome is a disease in which chromosome 21 has extra genetic material delaying the way a child develops mentally and physically.

Down syndrome (known as Trisomy 21) is a genetic disorder caused when cell division results in extra genetic material from chromosome 21. This genetic disorder occurs in about 1 of 800 live births. Down syndrome was first characterized a separate form of mental disability by John Langdon Down in 1862. By the 20th century the disability had become the most recognizable form of mental disability. These individuals have gone through a lot. In ancient times, many infants with this disability were killed or abandoned. The people with Down syndrome used to be called Mongolian idiots and the syndrome was called mongolism. This comes from the people thinking that Down syndrome individuals resembled Mongolians. It doesn’t only affect the individual

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder and the most common autosomal chromosome abnormality in humans. Down syndrome occurs when an individual has a full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21. This additional genetic material alters of development and causes the characteristics associated with Down syndrome. The primary purposes of this article are to: establish the origin of the term Down syndrome; determine the possible causes of Down syndrome; Likelihood of having a child with Down syndrome; and treatments for humans diagnosed with Down syndrome.

Down syndrome was fist described by John Langdon Down in 1866, but the earliest depiction of someone with Down syndrome was a painting dated in 1515. John Langdon Down had said it was only a disorder, but did not understand how it occurs. The cause was later discovered in 1959.

“Keep calm, it’s only an extra chromosome.” These “Keep Calm” sayings are flooding our society, however, some of them have more serious content behind them. This “Keep Calm” statement is referring to a lifelong disorder known as Down syndrome or trisomy 21. Down syndrome (DS) can affect multiple areas of a person’s development both mentally and physically. This paper looks at how to detect DS as early as the second trimester of pregnancy, the effects it has on early childhood development, and the effects on a person’s mental abilities.

There were specific misconceptions that I had on Down syndrome. First the unique characteristics of an individual. For example research stated that people Down's syndrome features are: flat facial features, small nose, upward slant of eye, small abnormally shaped ears, skin fold on back neck, and enlarge tongue that stick out (power point slide). Previously, I was aware that some people with Down syndrome shows atypical features, nevertheless I wasn't sure that everyone with this disorder have a dysfunction face features. Moreover, the normality of birth, is that a person is born with forty-six chromosomes, and a person with Down syndrome is born with forty-seven chromosomes-that extra one chromosome brings unfortunate face features. Second,

Down syndrome is a genetic condition in which individuals are born with a full or partial copy of chromosome 21. Down syndrome, in most cases, is not a result of an inherited condition, but rather a “chromosomal abnormality that occurs as a random event during the formation of reproductive cells” (Down Syndrome). With this condition there is a range of severity from very mild to moderate, and in some cases severe. The one trait that is very consistent among these individuals is mental retardation. Although these individuals face impairments they are generally very affectionate, thoughtful, and resilient.

There are three forms of Down Syndrome. These three are Trisomy 21, Mosaicism, and Translocation. Trisomy 21 is where there is an extra copy of Chromosome 21 in every cell. Mosaicism is where only some of the child’s cells have an extra copy of Chromosome 21. Translocation is where only one of the 46 total chromosomes has an extra Chromosome 21 where part of Chromosome 21 gets attacked to another chromosome during the formation eggs and sperm, or early in the development of the fetus. Mosaicism and Translocation usually have less symptoms that Trisomy 21. Only translocation Down Syndrome can be inherited by an unaffected parent. Trisomy 21 is because of an abnormality in the reproductive cells, and mosaic Down Syndrome is just a random event that occurs early in fetal development. A baby receives 23 chromosomes from each parent, but with a Down Syndrome child, they receive extra chromosomes. When the Chromosome 21 is supposed to split into two chromosomes, the chromosome does not separate properly and they get three Chromosome 21. So as the brain and physical features develop, problems occur. Down Syndrome affects 1 in 800 newborns. Each year in the United States, 5,300 babies with Down Syndrome are born, and 250,000 people have this condition in

Down Syndrome is one of the most common genetic disorders. It is one of the most leading causes of intellectual disability, causing also others health problems in a child affected by the disoter. It is important to understand that Down Syndrome, in some cases is deliberate by a third copy of trisomy 21. Some time when there is an increment of the protein expression of genes on chromosome 21 it cause a deformation on the patient with Down Syndrome. The gene trisomy is associated with the maternal age. Very young and older women have a higher risk of having a child with DS. The above genetic problems are the cause of DS in children. In 1866 British physician, John Langdon Down was the first person that described Down syndrome, as “Mongolism”