Down Syndrome (Or Trisomy-21)

Down syndrome is a genetic condition not an illness or disease. Us humans are made up of millions of cells with 46 chromosomes in each cell, Down syndrome occurs when you have an extra chromosome 21 this is why this condition is also known as Trisomy 21. Down syndrome is not specific to any race or religion, Down syndrome can occur to anybody although the amount of people in Australia with Down syndrome is significantly lower to other Countries around the world.

Down syndrome is an intellectual disability that is a result of a person being born with an extra chromosome, specifically chromosome 21. Down syndrome is the most common intellectual disability affecting approximately 1 in every 1000 births (Asim, Kumar, Muthuswamy, Jain, & Agarwal, 2015). Research has found a direct link between the age of the mother and the possibility that the baby will be born with Down syndrome, with the occurrence of Down syndrome increasing proportionally with the increased age of the mother (Asim, 2015). This condition can cause both intellectual (cognitive) and physical impairments that can range from moderate to severe (Crosta, 2016). People with Down syndrome have physical impairments such as a flat face, little to no neck, small ears, slated eyes, shorter than normal limbs and they tend to have low muscle tone (Asim, 2015). Children with Down syndrome tend to have a slower development of natural movements such as sitting, crawling and walking (Crosta, 2015). Intellectually people with Down syndrome tend to have a below average intelligence and most often they need extra assistance when attending school (Asim, 2015).

Down Syndrome is also known as Trisomy 21, is a disorder that occurs when an extra chromosome is present on the 21st chromosome. There

Down Syndrome is not commonly genetically passed down as opposed to what some may think, it happens by random. About 1% of the cases are heredity and 5% come from the father. Although, the risk of having a child diagnosed with down syndrome increase dramatically past the age of 35. “A 35-year-old woman has about a one in 350 chance of conceiving a child with Down syndrome, and this chance increases gradually to 1 in 100 by age 40.” (ndss)

Down syndrome is a condition in which a person has an extra chromosome. Chromosomes are small “packages” of genes in the body that determine how a baby’s body forms during pregnancy and how the baby’s body functions as it grows in the womb and after birth. (CDC, 2014) John Langon Down first described Down’s syndrome or Trisomy 21 in 1866. Trisomy 21 is caused by a combination of birth defects when there is a nondisjunction or an error in cell division during meiosis, resulting in a trisomy of chromosome 21. (Porth, 2011, p. 119) While the cause in unknown, evidence from cytogenetic and epidemiologic studies supports the concept of multiple causality. (Perry, 2010, p. 1183) Children with Trisomy 21 can be born

Down Syndrome is a medical condition that causes a delay in how a child develops, both mentally and physically. Each year, about 6,000 babies are born with Down Syndrome (DS), which is about 1 in 700 babies born. The cause of DS is unknown, meaning scientists don’t know how people get it, but we do know how it happens after the diagnosis. A baby is usually born with 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent. Most likely is a DS case, the child has 47 chromosomes and has an extra “chromosome 21”. The extra genetic material is why children get DS, but scientists don’t know how it happens.

Down syndrome is a genetic condition which can cause intellectual and developmental disabilities. Persons affected with Down syndrome have the common will have an additional chromosome; instead of 46, they

‘’Down syndrome is a type of mental retardation caused by extra genetic material in chromosome 21’’ (8), Down syndrome can cause a number of medical complications (6). Some of these complications are more serious than others, but most of them can be treated (6). Although Down Syndrome patients do not live for a long time, but their short life span is challenged with many critical problems. The life expectancy of people with Down syndrome increased dramatically between 1960 and 2007 and in 1960, on average, persons with Down syndrome lived to be about 10 years old; however, in 2007, on average, persons with Down syndrome lived to be about 47 years old (7). Furthermore, Down syndrome affects the patients life mentally, socially, and physically.

Cause/ Type of mutation: The most common form of Down syndrome is identified as trisomy 21. It’s a condition in which individuals have 47 chromosomes in each cell instead of 46. The cause of trisomy 21 is due to an error in cell division which is identified as nondisjunction in which leaves a sperm or egg cell with an extra copy of chromosomes 21 before or at conception.

Down syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, was first discovered in 1959 by a French physician named Jérôme Lejeune. He identified down syndrome as a chromosomal condition after noticing that there was a extra copy of chromosome 21 in the individual. Chromosomes are small “packages” of genes that carry hereditary information. They determine how a person will look, how their body functions, and traits they will carry. Normally, the human body contains exactly 46 chromosomes but when down syndrome occurs, the child has 47 chromosomes in the cell.

Down syndrome or another name known as trisomy 21 is a genetic disorder that is caused when there is a chromosomal mistake that occurs during meiosis that leaves an extra chromosome. A lot of the time a break occurs in the fourteenth and the twenty first chromosome, this is called Robertsonian Translocation. Breaks can occur in other areas however it seems that Robertsonian Translocation is the most common.

Down syndrome is sometimes called trisomy 21. This results from a chromosome disorder that results in an extra chromosome or a part of a third chromosome within the cells of a person (Blackman, 1990). “It was first identified by John Langdon Down in 1866” (Carr, 1995, p.1). Down syndrome causes learning disabilities, developmental delays, and health problems that can be very severe.

To begin ,Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that results when a person inherits all or part of an extra copy of chromosome 21. This can occur in a variety of ways, the causes of which are unknown. The most common chromosomal abnormality that produces Down syndrome (accounting for 95% of all cases) is Trisomy 21, a defect in which an extra, third copy chromosome is present in every cell in the body. According to Parenting Magazine the number of Down syndrome births is relatively low for 18-yr-old mothers—1 in about 2100 births. In the later childbearing years the risk in creases—1 in 1000 births for 30-yr-old women to 1 in about 100 births for 40-yr-old women. Two other chromosomal abnormalities cause Down syndrome and occur in about

Down syndrome is a set of physical and mental traits caused by a gene problem that happens before birth. Children who have Down syndrome tend to have certain features, such as a flat face and a short neck. They also have some degree of intellectual disability. This varies from person to person. But in most cases it is mild to moderate. Down syndrome is a lifelong condition. But with care and support, children who have Down syndrome can grow up to have healthy, happy, productive lives.

Down’s syndrome (DS), also called Trisomy 21, is a condition in which extra genetic material causes delays in the way a child develops, both mentally and physically. The physical features and medical problems associated with Down’s syndrome can vary widely from child to child. While some children with Down’s syndrome need a lot of medical attention, others lead healthy lives. Though Down’s syndrome can 't be prevented, it can be detected before a child is born. The health problems that may go along with Down’s syndrome can be treated, and many resources are available to help children and their families who are living with the condition. (http://kidshealth.org)