Down Syndrome Research Paper

Jane O'Brien: (In a comforting voice) First, calm down, Miss Anderson. I know it’s hard for you to hear your baby has Down syndrome but please take a deep breath, I will explain everything you need to know. First of all, Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder that involves birth defects, intellectual disabilities, and characteristic facial features. Additionally, it often involves heart defects, visual and hearing impairments, and other health problems. if you thinking what is genetic disorder is. Genetic disorder is altered or faulty gene or set of genes. The four broad groups of genetic disorders are single gene disorders, chromosome abnormalities, mitochondrial

About 50% afflicted with Down syndrome will suffer from hearing loss. Many of these problems can be serious or even life threatening but fortunately, most of them can be treated if they are detected early. Due to the nature of the disease and the many health issues involved, the life expectancy for a person with Down syndrome is only 50-65 years.

The etiology of Down syndrome is due to a genetic mutation within chromosome 21. There are three types of Down syndrome, which include Trisomy 21, Mosaic Down Syndrome, and Translocation Down Syndrome. Trisomy 21 occurs when there are three copies of chromosome 21 in each nucleus, instead of the usual two. This type of Down syndrome occurs 95% of the time. Mosaic Down Syndrome occurs 1% of the time and is characterized by some cells having three pairs of chromosome 21 and others having the normal two. This is caused by abnormal cell division after

Down syndrome is a condition in which a person has an extra chromosome. Chromosomes are small “packages” of genes in the body that determine how a baby’s body forms during pregnancy and how the baby’s body functions as it grows in the womb and after birth. (CDC, 2014) John Langon Down first described Down’s syndrome or Trisomy 21 in 1866. Trisomy 21 is caused by a combination of birth defects when there is a nondisjunction or an error in cell division during meiosis, resulting in a trisomy of chromosome 21. (Porth, 2011, p. 119) While the cause in unknown, evidence from cytogenetic and epidemiologic studies supports the concept of multiple causality. (Perry, 2010, p. 1183) Children with Trisomy 21 can be born

Symptoms of down syndrome are the following Flat facial features, Small head, Short neck, Protruding tongue, Upward slanting eyes, that is unusual for the child's ethnic group, Unusually shaped or small ears, Poor muscle tone. Broad, short hands with a single crease in the palm, Relatively short fingers and small hands and feet, Excessive flexibility. Tiny white spots on the colored part or the iris of the eye called Brushfield spots, Short height. Infants and children with down syndrome may be average size at birth , but typically they grow slower and remain shorter than other children the same age. In general, developmental milestones, such as sitting, crawling or walking may occur at about twice the age of child without impairment. People with down syndrome also suffer from cognitive delays. People affected by down syndrome varies greatly, it can happen to anyone, although more common in pregnant mothers 35 years or older. the cause of down syndrome is due to having an extra chromosome, therefore it is a disorder that happens 99% randomly and only 1% genetically. Unfortunately there is no cure, treatment or prevention for down syndrome as of today, but scientists are continuing to research for a cure. People with Down Syndrome live healthy, active lives and can function in an everyday environment.

Down Syndrome is a medical condition that causes a delay in how a child develops, both mentally and physically. Each year, about 6,000 babies are born with Down Syndrome (DS), which is about 1 in 700 babies born. The cause of DS is unknown, meaning scientists don’t know how people get it, but we do know how it happens after the diagnosis. A baby is usually born with 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent. Most likely is a DS case, the child has 47 chromosomes and has an extra “chromosome 21”. The extra genetic material is why children get DS, but scientists don’t know how it happens.

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder also known as trisomy 21, that develops when there is an extra chromosome inside the cells of a person. Normally a person has 46 chromosomes so when a developing infant has an extra chromosome 21 they will have 47 chromosomes in a cell causing them to develop Down syndrome. Although you might think it is hereditary Down syndrome is not passed down from parent to baby nor do we know why it happens, it occurs at conception and there is no cure for it nor does it go away.

Organ systems such as the brain, digestive tract, endocrine system, heart, eyes, ears, muscles, and bones can all be affected by Down syndrome. A patient with the brain affected by Down syndrome can have intellectual disabilities, delayed speech, and delayed motor skills. When the brain is affected they may also have Autistic behavior and even have Alzheimer disease. A person with Down syndrome may have malformed intestines or even other gastrointestinal diseases. They may become hypothyroid or diabetic as well. Cataracts, glaucoma, crossed eyes, or even hearing loss and chronic ear infections have been associated with Down syndrome. Short stature, predisposition to obesity, and abnormally loose joints are all physical abnormalities associated with Down

Down syndrome is a genetic defect attributed to an abnormality of the human chromosome 21. The National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS), a national advocate organization for the value, acceptance and inclusion of people with Down syndrome, notes that modern research has successfully identified three types of Down syndrome. The NDSS reports that Nondisjunction Trisomy 21, in which there are three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two, is the most common type of Down syndrome. Prior to or at the point of conception, a pair of 21st chromosomes in either the

Down syndrome is a chromosomal condition that affects 1in every 700 kids. Down syndrome is when a child has and extra copy of chromosome 21. Down syndrome has many ways of telling if the child has down syndrome, like physical features. You can also tell if a child has down syndrome based on how they act. There are different ways of obtaining down syndrome. Kids with down syndrome are no different than kids that were born with the normal set of chromosomes, they just act a little different and need a little bit more help.

Down Syndrome is a developmental disorder caused by an error in the process of cell division. This disorder is characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy)(Segal & Pesco, 2015). It is the most common chromosomal disorder and affects 1 in 700 live births (Ramia, Musharrafieh, Khaddage, & Sabri, 2014). According to Segal and Pesco (2015), Down Syndrome is characterised by physical features such as distinct facial characteristics, low muscle tone; conditions such as congenital heart disease; and Intellectual Disability with IQs typically ranging from 30 to 70.

Children who have a lower immune system to fight of infections are especially at risk for respiratory infections. Issues due to the distinctive appearances associated with Down syndrome, like upward slant eyes, contribute to other eye problems such as cross eyes, farsightedness and nearsightedness (Blackman, 1990). According to the National Association for Down Syndrome (n.d.) and WebMD (2015), about 40% of the children with Down syndrome have congenital heart defects. When a newborn is born and diagnosed with Down syndrome, the child needs to have an echocardiogram to check for any serious heart defects and problems. Hearing impairment is also a health issue for those diagnosed with Down syndrome (National Association of Down Syndrome,

Down syndrome is where every cell in the body has a nucleus, genetic material is then stored in genes. Some of those genes carry codes that are responsible for the inherited traits that are grouped up along rod-like structures that are called chromosomes. Down syndrome is the part that occurs when one individual has a partial or full copy of chromosome 21. The nucleus of each cells contain 23 different pairs of chromosomes, half of those which are inherited from each of the parent. Some common traits of Down syndrome are low muscle tones, upward slant in the eyes, and single deep crease across the center of the palm. Approximately 400,000 Americans have Down syndrome and almost 6,000 babies with Down syndrome are born in the United States

To begin ,Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that results when a person inherits all or part of an extra copy of chromosome 21. This can occur in a variety of ways, the causes of which are unknown. The most common chromosomal abnormality that produces Down syndrome (accounting for 95% of all cases) is Trisomy 21, a defect in which an extra, third copy chromosome is present in every cell in the body. According to Parenting Magazine the number of Down syndrome births is relatively low for 18-yr-old mothers—1 in about 2100 births. In the later childbearing years the risk in creases—1 in 1000 births for 30-yr-old women to 1 in about 100 births for 40-yr-old women. Two other chromosomal abnormalities cause Down syndrome and occur in about

Down's Syndrome, it is one of the most frequently occurring chromosomal abnormalities found in humans effecting people of all ages, races and economic levels. It is a chromosomal anomaly in cell development that results in a person being born with forty-seven chromosomes instead of the normal forty-six chromosomes. People with Down syndrome may have mild to severe learning disabilities and physical symptoms, which include a small skull, extra folds of skin under the eyes, and a protruding tongue.