Dq's

18. A general principle, based on evidence, that certain phenomena are related: this describes a Theory of an experiment.

Generally, theory and hypothesis are often used interchangeably but they are two separate factors of a research study. A theory summarizes information about an occurrence and organizes this information serving as a source for predictions. Researchers then deduce the theories into a hypothesis that is to be tested through objective observations.

The difference between a theory and a model is that a theory is related to evidence based knowledge and a model is built on this knowledge although it is presented as a process to reach certain targets.

The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines theory as “a plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomena”. This mean that in order to explain a phenomena there must be scientific evidence in order to support a theory and make it scientifically acceptable. The theory has to go through experiments and have data collected to support it for the scientific evidence, but not enough to make the theory conclusive.

In this great big world of science, a theory is not only a conscience thought it is a reality of one's illusion for describing an idea a guess of something. “A theory presents a concept or idea that is testable. The term theory is used with surprising frequency in everyday language. It is often used in to mean a guess, hunch, or supposition.” (Cherry, 2017). Theories are applied to give an example in psychology to comprehend the behaviors, feelings, and the thoughts of humans.

A theory is an explanation for a problem or an observation. These explanations can vary based on which perspective is being used, such as a moral or sociological. Despite having different theories for the same problem, they all try to “...explicitly or implicitly suggest how to address [a] problem, which could then lead to appropriate action” (p.52).

A concept is an image molded from ones on personal experience, knowledge, expectations and emotions. Concepts are the abstractions and the building blocks of theories and conceptual frameworks. Theories and conceptual framework explain a particular phenomenon by linking the concept. As concepts are the mental images, different individuals have different opinion about a concept or a same understanding, concept analysis is crucial to explain each concept. Concept analysis allow the researchers to advance science and create new knowledge. Walker and Avant’s conceptual framework is an eight step process which includes (1) Select a concept (2) Determine the aims or purposes of analysis (3) Identify all uses of the concept that you can discover

Concept has diverse and dynamic meaning. It can be described or classified in various ways. It is a symbolic statement which describes a phenomenon that occurs in nature or thought. The meaning of concept may be abstract such as hope, desire, love or concrete such as airplane, body temperature, pain. Concepts are expressed in a word, two words, or a phrase that allows people to communicate their meanings about realities. For example, grief, job satisfaction, health promoting behaviors. Similarly, these symbolic statements can directly or indirectly be seen, tasted, smelled or touched. Concept is important approach to build theory. Concepts are used as bricks in theory building. Additionally, meaning and definition of concept are based

The deductive thinking of general categories to make statements about particular cases. Going from the general to the particular. It is a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is inferred from one or more premises.

What is theory? According to Garver (2008, p. 65) theory can be nothing more than a hunch, in which case it may lack not only proof but also any reasonable basis in fact or probability, because, theories are too diverse to just be listed under just any single type of rules. Maybe because all of them can carry us somewhere further than what is right underneath our noses and just maybe that in itself is what is really important. Theory will never go away, and it will always involve some form of research from “the first stage, help us to create research questions, and then to derive specific hypotheses or theses” (“What is Theory”, n.d., p. 1). Next, we are able to use it “to make our findings comprehensible, then perhaps it will enable us to see the connection between different sorts of research findings, to draw some form of conclusions about the world, and finally, it will be our guide in addressing problems in practical ways” (“What is Theory”, n.d, p. 1).

A theory is a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained. (Webster Dictionary) Joyce Rosemary argues and sees it as an examination of gender (2013). This should explain only perceived differences between men and women but also the male dominance. Joyce Rosemary (2013) traces presence of the naturalization of biological differences to the initial arguments of feminists women subordinate the status was based on cultural reaction to universal female biology process such as menstruation pregnancy, and childbirth (Moore 1994) 10-11.

1. Scientific method is a way to ask and answer questions through observations and experiments.

The way that Theory is defined in the research process is as a way of making sense of a situation. They represent uncertain solutions to problems. A theory is a generalization about a phenomenon an explanation of how and why something occurs; a system of generalizable statement

|Constructs are concepts developed or adopted for use in a particular theory. The key |

Concept is the basic component that build up the development to our world. It can be assumed from some specific instances or things that already existed. In some circumstances, concept is some thoughts that people had already been thought about, and had already got some development, and that’s the difference between concept and idea. On the other hand, concept is also a more abstract and more realistic thought. However, concept might be relying on the religion or the cultural difference, and can cause different thought by people in different life backgrounds.