Dr. Alwine : A Scientist Of Cancer Biology And An Investigator

When he started the presentation he gave a quick introduction then outlined what he did. Instead of going into every procedure in his experiment he focused on the largest, and possibly the most interesting, portion which was the 16S RNA assay. As he described this relatively complex topic he used

The HH514-16 Burkitt lymphoma B cell is a cell line used that is infected with the Epstein-Barr Virus.  Cells are grown using RPMI 1640 medium containing 8% fetal bovine serum; a supplement contain low level of antibodies and growth factors.  Quality and quantity of the cells are measured by counting the number of alive and dead cells under a microscope and also noting shape, size, and arrangement.  After, the cells are then cultured and treated with Haloperidol (HPD) at varying concentrations or exposure times.  Exposure times are marked when the cells are frozen and stored in negative 80 degrees celsius.  RNA is then isolated from the cells using a Promega kit.  RNA concentrations are  measured using a Nanodrop and then appropriate dilutions are achieved to ensure unified sample concentration.  iScript reverse transcriptase generates a strand of complementary DNA from a RNA template, to then be measured by PCR.  Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) which monitors the amplification of targeted RNA molecules.  iTaq Universal SYBR green binds to double stranded DNA and detects the products that accumulate during PCR. BZFL1 and myc are the genes being monitored that regulate transcription factors, which are being compared against the 18s control.  From these experiments, the amplification of the genes is measured. We will determine what concentration or exposure time of Haloperidol reactivates the

Hearing a diagnosis of cancer leaves most patients in a state of shock and unsure of what their next step should be. While they are still wrapping their brain around the diagnosis, they are being bombarded with information, testing, and multiple physician appointments. They need guidance and support to direct them through the complicated health care system in a timely fashion that reduces the delay in their treatment, as well as assist them in identifying and overcoming any barriers to these delays.

This article covers the Seneca Valley Virus (SVV-001) as a hopeful for an oncolytic treatment of certain cancer types. More specifically those with neuroendocrine properties such as rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms tumor, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, and adult small-cell lung cancer. Each of which effect smooth/skeletal muscle cells, kidneys/adrenal glands (mainly in children), astrocytes of the brain, nerve cells of a fetus, and lung cells in adults respectively. The virus was discovered by accident in a contaminated cell culture that contained bovine serum to promote growth. The virus was later discovered to be almost exclusively found in farm animals such as cows and pigs, due to the presence of neutralizing antibodies that were later to only ever have been found in one human sample. Just as important as that, the virus only targets the cells of the above-mentioned cancers/tumors, is a self-replicating RNA virus, and its inability to infect other cells in the body all come together to result in the lysis of these specific cancer cells. These properties alone give great hope for SVV-001 as a treatment for those infected by these diseases, and prompted for more research into its medicinal possibilities.

The American Cancer Society is one of the most effective ways to learn about the different the various types of cancer. The reason why I chose this organization is because I recently lost a very dear friend to brain cancer. A lot of people do not know the signs and symptoms of cancer and I feel as if this is a great way to inform people about it.

Cancer has presented itself as a constant treat for humanity all along its history and for most of it, a dark and grim perspective was the only outcome for the people afflicted by this condition. However with the arrival of the scientific method and the subsequent development of modern medicine during the XIX and XX centuries new ways of treating this condition were found. With innovations in surgery methods as the general anesthesia in 1846 by William Morton and the mastectomy procedure in 1880s (Halsted, 1894) medicine started an arms race against cancer. Later in the XX century, new tools in the form of chemical compounds were found to preferentially attack the tumor cells. During the post-war period and old weapon of war the nitrogen mustard,

Throughout the cells there are much type of Eukaryotic cells which make many types of cells and then they proceeds to the RNA, There is no complete data of this RNA present and the characteristic are very poorly unstated. The genetic information is directly represented by the RNA and it focuses on its synthesis, translation and modification it helps to understand the genome functions also. These observation are taken up together to form and define the functions and description related to genes (Bell, 2004). This observation tells about the range of expression and localization. As the technology is been improving day by day for the RNA profiling and the type of isolation made by the cells , the number of RNA has grown and

According to Khalil et al. (2016), normal people also may experience some anxiety and fear as a part of their life. But, the high frequency of anxiety may be due to a lot of physical symptoms caused by cancer itself like sweating, shortness of breath, dizziness etc. This may be due to excessive fear about cancer progression or the impact of the illness. Patients having anxiety problems may also experience depression, but it should be remembered depression can make anxiety worse or vice versa (National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), 2012; https://www.nccn.org). According to a study by Khalil et al. (2016), gender is not a significant contributor to depression and anxiety in cancer patients. These results contradict a study by West et al.

The research in Dr. Langenfeld’s lab focuses on the genes that regulate lung cancer. The experiment looks closely at the non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and immortalized bronchial epithelial cells. Careful study of the carcinoma and epithelial cells has revealed that the mRNA of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP-2/4) was highly expressed in the carcinoma. Past studies have shown that BMP-2/4 have certain properties that allow them to activate the differentiation, growth, and migration of cancerous cells in the embryo. After studying these morphogens in lung carcinoma is was revealed that the BMP-2, in its mature state, is significantly more expressed in NSCLC than BMP-4 in cancerous lung tissue, but did not show much effect in normal lung tissue or benign lung tumors. The BMP-2 that was exposed in vitro to the A549 and H7249 human lung cancer lines stimulated significant migration and invasiveness. In vivo trials showed that the growth of tumors of A549 cells in nude mice was highly enhanced. Tumor growth in NSCLC was attempted to be reduced with recombinant through the exposure to noggin or the anti-BMP-2 antibody. Results showed a significant reduction in the tumor growth[1].

What is cancer? Cancer is a disease where cells split uncontrollably and can invade other tissues, causing cells in the other tissues to have cancer. Where can cancer occur? Cancer can occur practically anywhere in the body. This is because cancerous cells can move anywhere in the amatomy through blood paths and lymph systems (lymph systems are lattice of organs, lymph intersections (nodes), tubes, and vessels that move lymph, a clear fluid containing white blood cells, from place to place. (- http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/what-is-cancer )

The cancer specific genes can be identified by Differential display. This is a powerful technique for analyzing differences in gene expression. This technique used to compare mRNA expression patterns of tumor and adjacent non neoplastic tissue in radical prostate ectomy specimens. This can be useful in identifying novel genes and gene functions.

Three to four replicates of the same patient mutations will run on consecutive weeks. On day one, one nearly confluent 60 mm dish of HEK cells is plated on a 96- well plate; the total volume per each well is 100ul. On day two, 5ul of 20X antagonist solution is added to each well. Then the patient DNA that will be used for that week’s experiments are prepped into 0.02 g/l DNA mixes. Those respective DNA mixes are then incorporated into another mixture 3ul of Fugene, 5 ul DMEM, and 5ul of the patient DNA mix (0.02 g/l). The cells are then transfected with this new DNA mixture of fuguene, DMEM, and DNA. On day three, the surface expression and total expression of protein in the cells is assessed. To asses for total protein expression, media is removed from half of the cells transfected with a specific DNA mix. Those cells are then washed with a HBSS/HEPES wash buffer, then triturated in water. The plate in then incubated for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, the media on the surface cells is removed, the surfaces cells are washed with a HBSS/HEPES wash buffer. Finally, 100 mM of nitrocefin solution is added to the surface cells and 200mM of nitrocefin solution is added to the total cells. The 96-well plate is then put into a microplate reader to measure nitrocefin

After collection and sequencing, the DNA collected from human cheek cells was able to be analyzed in a variety of ways. In order to determine whether or not a significant amount of DNA was present, the first analysis done on the sample was gel electrophoresis. Figure 1 shows an image of the electrophoresis gel taken while it was being exposed to UV light. Even though both the DNA samples and the ladder were stained with ethidium bromide, a stain that fluoresces under UV light, only the ladder appeared on the gel when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Lanes 2 and 3, the sample DNA lanes, appeared empty. This indicates that the DNA existed in small enough quantities that it could not be viewed within the agarose gel. Since the electrophoresis

The labels associated with the resulting proteins from previous steps were rinsed and removed. USP7 was purified and utilized in sedimentation trials in varying concentrations. Absorbance analysis was carried out after the samples were centrifuged. EBNA1 was purified, ubiquitinated, and combined with USP7, which was purified in previous steps. SDS-PAGE was used to disrupt the protein interaction and separate them. The separated fragments were then used in a western blot, and analyzed after probing. The affinity of USP7 for EBNA1 and p53 was tested using a stepwise combination of titration, incubation, and fluorescence analysis. Lastly, amino acid residues of EBNA1and USP7 were studied by gel filtration and size-exclusion chromatography.

The central dogma of molecular biology is widely known as the transcription of DNA to RNA, and then the translation of RNA to protein. In these past few experiments, the students looked at mRNA, treated them with PMA and DMSO. The students then performed reverse transcriptase on their mRNAs in order to convert them into cDNA, which is more stable. After that, the students then performed PCR on their cDNA to zero in on the gene of choice. Those genes were then run through gel electrophoresis. The reasons behind these particular processes were to try to isolate the genes MMP-9 and beta-actin in both the DMSO and PMA groups.