Dr. Daley's Ethical Code Mission Report

Pere Trahan & Lemberger (2014) potential African American clients could be reserved during at the beginning of counseling when the counselor is of a different race. Research has shown that counselors who address a client’s culture and diversity are more likely to have a better therapeutic alliance and better treatment outcomes (Trahan and Lemberger, 2014). Thus, making culture and ethnicity topics that should be addressed promptly with clients. Trahan & Lemberger (2014) suggest counselors encourage clients to use narrative storytelling to share their experiences with racism or discrimination. A counselor can benefit from hearing a client’s stories and gain an in depth understanding the client’s worldview and aid in selecting an intervention

The NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct was developed to uphold the application of core values, ideals, and principles to assist teachers’ decision-making about ethical issues. The Core Values of the NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct is based on the foundation of the field's commitment to young children. It is noteworthy that all seven of the Code's Core Values directly address our commitment to children:

In evaluating Stephanie’s heritage it becomes apparent there are several salient factors that will initially shape her world view and ideas about counseling. The most significant factor will be her White heritage. As mentioned before, Stephanie growing up in a White family automatically affords her white privilege, even if she realizes it or not. This white privilege means that Stephanie may not be able to relate to minority groups and the struggles they face with discrimination and racism (Hays, Chang, & Dean, 2004).

Due to the increase in racial and ethnic diversity in the United Sates there is a great need to provide counseling interventions that cater for social issues that are attributed to the racial and ethnic diversity. Presently, efforts are being made to implement social justice advocacy strategies and interventions into counseling practices. Thus, counselors are encouraged to be agents and advocates for social justice, oppression, and discrimination (Ratts & Hutchins, 2009). At the forefront of social justice counseling approaches, is the need to empower the oppressed or marginalized individual by confronting injustices and inequalities that affect the individual at the systemic level (Pedersen, Lonner, Draguns, Trimble, & Rio, 2015).

The need to provide mental health services to culturally diverse clients has increased over the past couple of years due to the increase in racial and ethnic diversity in the United Sates. Consequently, there is a need for mental health professionals to offer effective interventions that address social issues that accompany racial and ethnic diversity (Constantine, Hage, Kindaichi, & Bryant, 2007). Research shows that efforts are being made to implement social justice advocacy strategies and interventions into counseling practices. This growing movement calls for counselors to be agents and advocates for social justice, oppression, and discrimination (Ratts & Hutchins, 2009). Social justice counseling approaches focus on empowering the individual by actively confronting injustices and inequalities that affects clients in their systemic frameworks (Pedersen, Lonner, Draguns, Trimble, & Rio, 2015).

Multicultual: Erikson emphasis psychosocial development ppl of color; intense training (personal psychotherapy) exposes therapists own biases and sources of countertransference

Their history of marginalization, more negative views of the world, and exposure to discrimination may increase skepticism surrounding treatment. Thus, counselors should establish a sense of trust and acknowledge the cultural mistrust, on a human-to-human level, at the very first meeting. These experiences may be difficult to discuss; however, clinicians should take initiative and incorporate them into treatment. African Americans clients need to feel very comfortable with their counselors before they can commit to therapy. This allows for better communication and relationship.

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Over the year?s minorities have been treated differently in America. There was a point in time when people did not understand people of color and even made assumptions about them. Because of this systemic factors have been established both in the mental health and education system. Counselors had their own perception

The belief people lack knowledge, skills, and experience to manage the encounters of racism, biases, and barriers that cannot be turned on and off with people of color are not aligned with my own beliefs and values. I believe people are inherently good and support and guidance can be found in their own spiritual path. Then again, I recognize not everyone knows their own path to spirituality. Alessandria (2002) asserts many similarities and differences between two groups we focus on the client in front of us rather than making generalizations about groups. As I am female and cannot fully understand the life choices of a male, Alessandria's position with the counseling values of "respect for client, genuineness, use of empathic understanding, the communication of empathy, clarification and delineate the counselor's role" will center the client's basic humanness (2002). In socioeconomic status, Laszloff (2008) contends an unawareness of my own privileges or benefits can attribute to trouble understanding racial experiences. Yet, it is my own personal attitude, beliefs, and cultural identity that make it possible to achieve culturally competent counseling

African Americans are socialized around race, race has special meaning, and they expect to talk about race in psychotherapy; that 's simple enough and not an especially revolutionary idea to many. But here 's the rub. Why do most practitioners avoid talking about race despite race 's special meaning to African Americans? How come so many practitioners accept African Americans feeling unsatisfied even if feeling psychotherapy was helpful? Most important for this work, what happens to the therapeutic alliance when you exclude race in psychotherapy systems and clinical sessions?

To effectively lessen the effects of lifelong racism and discrimination, Hays & Erford (2014) recommends a strength-based approach, with the counselor focusing on the individual and family capacities. Focusing on the client’s positive attributes and favorable cultural norms can encourage one to become more resilient (Vaterlaus, Skogrand, & Chaney, 2015). Furthermore, applying counseling skills such as unconditional positive regard, empathy, consistency, focusing on the client, and providing a supportive environment can all help the therapeutic relationship (Hays & Erford, 2014). Additionally, making the counselor/client relationship equal will also allow the client to feel more comfortable, may dispel the mistrust of counseling prominent in African American culture (Hays & Erford, 2014). Finally, acknowledging the racial differences with the client could encourage them to discuss the racism and discrimination they may have experienced (Hays & Erford, 2014).

Students need to feel like they have something they can gain from seeking counseling. If they don’t feel like they will get that with the selection of counselors on their campus, they would rather hold their problems in. “The idea that client preferences regarding the particular characteristics of counselors may critically influence such factors as whether the client seeks help, the duration of counseling, subsequent client evaluation of counseling, and certain aspects of the counseling interaction has long held currency in counseling theory and research (Strohmer, 2003).” Strohmer stated that half of the minority clientele dropout of counseling after the initial meeting in comparison to a third of the White clients. According to the Office of Minority Health more than half of the African American population have

Personal privilege is privilege one receives based on unearned qualities such as skin color, gender, socioeconomic status, demographics, or cultural characteristics (Lee, 2007). Being White and growing up in a predominately White community limited my exposure to other cultures and races. While I was limited to my exposure to other cultures and races I have become aware of White privilege and who it influences interactions with different races and cultures. Whites tend to view “their own beliefs and actions as normative and neutral” (Hays & Chang, 2003, p. 135). This action influences and limits the cultural and racial interactions Whites experience (Hays & Change, 2003). Due to working in a predominately White community it can be easy to forget the importance of establishing racial and cultural differences with clients. Continuing education is exceptionally important in continuing one’s multicultural awareness. As a supervisor this will be my duty to instill this importance into my supervisees (Hird, Cavalieri, Dulk, Felice, & Ho, 2001).

In the given situation I believe that the Code of Ethics, while close has truly not been violated. The DTR is walking a thin line when it comes to their recommendations because anything in excess, even vitamins, can gave an adverse effect. I understand that he based this off a study, but there are studies done every day which does not make it a good idea to follow every study found. In the Code of Ethics in Responsibilities to the public it states, “The dietetics practitioner does not engage in false or misleading practices or communications.” I believe that following the work of a single study will fall into this realm. The DTR should receive more information on this study or this track prior to recommending the client takes the megadoses of vitamins.