Drake Equation Research Paper

Throughout history humanity has been fascinated by the existence of extraterrestrial life. Today such ventures are in the development process and the discovery of life beyond our solar system, no matter how primitive, may soon become a huge(important?) scientific breakthrough. The three basic things that are required to consider a place even remotely habitable are water, a source of energy, and organic materials. Habitability also depends on other factors that must also be taken into consideration such as how close the planet is to its star (in the case of our solar system, the sun), how long the water and organic materials existed there, and the size and mass of the planet. One must not confuse habitable with inhabited. The term

The solar system was created 4.6 billion years ago by a gravitational collapse. A solar system is a star that has planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and meteoroids travel around it. The solar system contains eight known planets which are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and Neptune. There is around several hundred dwarf plants but only five are currently recognized. The solar system has about 181 moons which orbit around the planets in the solar system. There is also about 150 million asteroids and 3,406 comets also in the solar system.

Ontario on October 24th, 1986 know around the world as "Drake". Son of Dennis Graham and mother name Sandi Grahm. Drake is Canadian, Ethnicity African-American and Ashkenazi Jewish. Aubrey was a Canadian actor at the start of his famous career. He is referred to for his part as Jimmy Brooks on the well-known Canadian show Degrassi: The Next Generation. He later discharged a famous mixtape with tunes like "Each Girl" and "Best I Ever Had", and proceeded onward to an effective melodic vocation. . Then wanted to move on to bigger things. Drake also known as "Dizzy Drake". Became a rapper, starting his rap career on Myspace at the time when Myspace was active and popular for its Music playlist. Aubrey Drake took advantage of it as he promoted his

I am very interested in pursuing a college degree and earning the Prairie Meadows scholarship would help me greatly on the path to my future. Receiving this scholarship would make it more feasible to attend the school I would like to attend. Drake university is a private college so it is more expensive than other state schools. I want to go to drake because I really enjoy the trumpet professor and facilities Drake has. This would help provide me with the things I need to be successful in a music major.

R* is the average rate of formation for suitable stars. A suitable star must have an appropriate temperature (i.e. not too hot or cold). It is possible to use the average rate for the galaxy. This can get a bit hazy, as the

The scientific objective of the Kepler Mission is to explore the structure and diversity of planetary systems. This is achieved by surveying a large sample of stars to: 1) Determine the abundance of terrestrial and larger planets in or near the habitable zone of a wide variety of stars; 2) Determine the distribution of sizes and shapes of the orbits of these planets; 3) Estimate how many planets there are in multiple-star systems; 4) Determine the variety of orbit sizes and planet reflectivities, sizes, masses and densities of short-period giant planets; 5) Identify additional members of each discovered planetary system using other techniques; 6) Determine the properties of those stars that harbor planetary systems.

The Milky Way in which we live in is expanding 3.25 million light years per second (Moskowitz). By the time you finish reading this paper, the Milky Way will have expanded by 1.9 million light years. This might be a lot but the closest galaxy to the Milky Way is 13.2 billion light years away. This means there is a chance extra-terrestrial life might exist by the time you finish reading this paper. While saying this, the galaxy is made up of two hundred billion stars in which NASA has discovered. Each of these stars has at least one planet orbiting it. By saying this if the Sun has one habitable planet orbiting it, what is the chance of another star having a habitable planet circling it? Peter Behroozi, a Hubble fellow at the University of California Berkley talks about this issue, “For every grain of sand there is, there are ten other planets out there like Earth” (Cofield). Astronomers have only seen our galaxy, and there are galaxies larger than the Milky Way and more

If I could be a superhero for a day I would be DC's, Red Robin before the new 52. I like the backstory of Red Robin before the new 52, but I love the custom for the new 52 version of him. Red Robin or Timothy Jackson Drake is a unique character to me. Timothy at a young age was considered a genius. He is also a better detective than even Batman himself. He is praised by Ra Al Ghul and was given the nickname "Detective" which was the nickname Ra used for Batman. He found out Batman and Robin's secret identity when he was nine years old. He also is on par with Oracle or Barbara Gordon's computer and hacking skills. He decided to dedicate his custom to the "fallen" second robin, Jason Todd, who was murdered by the hands of the Joker. Timothy

Among the billions of stars in each galaxy, many have planets that revolve around them. At least a few are bound to be of the right size and have the correct spatial orientation with respect to their star to allow life to grow. We believe this because life exists on the Earth. Astronomers have concluded that there must be hundreds of billions of other stars with conditions approximating those of the sun. Therefore there could be a million earth like planets with advanced civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy alone (Stilley). It is very probable that there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.

The main searches for exoplanets are being done by space missions. The Kepler space mission is finding the most exoplanets, however there are many other space missions like Gaia, MOST, CoRoT, and SWEEPS, that are finding exoplanets in habitable zones. There are also ground missions including the Anglo Australian Planet Search and HARPS which is done in Geneva. This graph shows all the exoplanets found that are less than 10Me or 1.5Re mapped on the habitable zone. The sizes of the circles indicate the radius of the planet, which has been estimated, if not

To begin with, there is more than one sun out there in space, and a sun can contain about one million planets in space. Scientists have discovered about one thousand planets orbiting distant stars. They have much more to discover! There is a big possibility that in one of those planets life could exist. Another big clue that scientist have discovered is that there are many galaxies in space and we live in one. The galaxy that Earth is located at is called the Milky Way Galaxy. A galaxy can contain many planets just like our galaxy can contains over billions of planets.

Clearly the better and stronger our telescopes and other methods used to evaluate the sky will result in further discoveries. Not only do we have Earth bound telescopes; we have telescopes in the sky that can get even closer to other matter – whether that be planets, stars, comets, asteroids, etc. The textbook also notes radial velocity and how the gravitational pull of a planet results in the star wobbling. “If the wobble happens to occur along our line of sight to the star, then we see small fluctuations in the star’s radial velocity, which can be measured using the Doppler effect” (Chaisson & McMillan, 2014, p 371) allowing us to estimate the mass of the planet (Chaisson & McMillan, 2014, p 371). I found this website: http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/exoplanets/how-to-search-for-exoplanets.html that gives three ways. They are noted as radial velocity (already stated); transit photometry (having to do with the brightness – or lack thereof – of a star when another “planet passes between it and the Earth” (How to Search for Exoplanets)), and Microlensing (stated as the only real method that is capable of discovering other planets at huge distances from Earth (How to Search for Exoplanets)). It further notes that while radial velocity can identify them within 100 light years, transit photometry can identify them more than 100 light years (100’s in fact), and transit photometry can find those that are thousands of light years away. I need to understand

We have an immense solar system. The planets within the solar system aren't too close either. But in our solar system we have eight official planets according to NASA. So, to measure the distance of the planets we use astronomical unit or AU. Each astronomical unit is 15000000. That's about the average distance from earth to the sun,according to NASA.In nearly all models of the solar system the planets are close but in reality they are quite far away from each other. The distance from planets also depends on the time of orbit. The furthest planet in our solar system is Neptune, Neptune is 30 AU away from the sun. We can use telescopes to observe planets and stars,such as our sun and Neptune to learn more about our galaxies.

The radial velocity method was used to detect the first exoplanet, 51 Pegasi b (51 Peg b) around a main sequence star, 51 Pegasi (51 Peg). The radial velocity method uses the variations in velocity of a star due to the gravitational pull from an exoplanet (Lissauer 2002). Furthermore the velocity isn’t measured in terms of actual speed but in terms of light based on the Doppler effect. The Doppler effect occurs when a star moves. When it moves toward us, its wavelengths of light are shortened and when a star moves away from us, its wavelengths of light are lengthened. Through the continued observation of the Doppler effect on a stars spectrum of light, the velocity of a star is inferred. Any change in a stars velocity is caused by a sufficiently massive companion, an exoplanet (Lissaeur 2002).

Not every star is formed small, they come in all different types of masses, some larger and some smaller than the sun (The MOSFIRE, 2017). The larger stars have been proven to not live as long as the smaller stars. Scientific research from Berkeley University states that while starts are alive “they emit a large amount of light, and much of that light is very energetic, in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum” (The MOSFIRE, 2017). From this information, one can tell that a star has been formed recently because of the fact that the galaxy will be releasing this ultraviolet light (The MOSFIRE, 2017). The amount of ultraviolet light that is being discharged from the galaxy lets us know how many stars are inside the galaxy (The MOSFIRE, 2017). Understanding that each star is formed with a different mass, therefore, means that they have different energy levels. The bigger and newer stars let off more energy which tells us that new stars emit large amounts of energy. This is imperative research because it tells us which types of stars are in each galaxy, big or small, and how many stars should be found in each galaxy.