Dretske's What Change Blindness

Certain individuals who have experienced extensive damage to those cortical areas related to sight may report an inability to perceive visual stimuli. In some cases, when presented with a moving spot of light, such individuals who claim to have witnessed no optical occurrence whatsoever will subsequently "guess", well above chance level, the direction of the lights' movement (1). In this phenomena of blindsight it would be the individual's "on-line system" (or "I-function") which provokes the claims that he perceives no stimuli while clearly the "seeing system" has, though on an unconscious level, seen something (1).

The use of certain tests listed above has some limitations, such as in the change blindness test, we can not say with 100% certainty where the participant have seen changes, and where just click on the keyboard buttons. About this restriction also mentioned Levin, Momen, IV & Simons, they also coined the term "change blindness blindness" which characterizes the misconceptions about the vision due to the fact that some participants in the experiment have given the answer at random trying to guess what was supposed to be the right answer. The motivation to divining the answer may be a desire to look smart and impress yourself and others (2010). In some tests, such as

According to research, the earliest experimental change blindness is developed from the phenomena such as eye movements and more on working memory. It depends on the personal attention to the images they perceive (MacWhinney, 2001). Although individual have well informed and good memory on whether or not they have perceived an image, they also have poor recalling ability especially on the smaller details that are presented in that image. This is evidently through presentation of the complex pictures that are stimulated

Change blindness is a phenomenon in attention where drastic changes to a scene can go unnoticed. This is important to the field of Human Sensation and Perception because it helps illustrate how a visual scene is processed. Specifically it shows how even if there is direct attention to a scene, there are times when drastic changes can occur without perception of the change occurring. With extensive research already conducted illustrating this effect, new research has recently been conducted studying different types of scene changes in the hopes of understanding which changes are easier or harder to notice. The results of these studies were quantified by the measurement of change detection time (usually reported in seconds). This subset of change blindness research has far-reaching practical applications, especially in the field of security and law enforcement. By applying the knowledge of which type of stimuli lead to longer change detection times training programs could be developed that allow this population to improve their observation skills.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to defend a broad concept of visual perception, according to which it is a sufficient condition for visual perception that subjects receive visual information in a way which enables them to give reliably correct answers about the objects presented to them. According to this view, blindsight, non-epistemic seeing, and conscious visual experience count as proper types of visual perception. This leads to two consequences concerning the role of the phenomenal qualities of visual experiences. First, phenomenal qualities are not necessary in order to see something, because in the case of blindsight, subjects can see objects without experiences phenomenal

List at least three resources you should use to determine the visual and academic ability of a student with a visual impairment.

The concept of change blindness has been addressed over the course of nearly half a century, with increasing focus on the subject throughout the past five years (3). Although biologists, psychologists, and philosophers have yet to resolve definitively the paradox of looking without seeing, the investigation of each theory on the matter yields deeper insight into visual perception and sight as well as a decreasingly incorrect understanding of those components of the nervous system, which are crucial for visual cognition. Under normal viewing conditions, changes produce transient signals that can draw attention. Change blindness studies are designed to eliminate or block these transient signals by inserting a visual disruption when the change occurs (3). Flicker Paradigm studies examine the occurrence of change blindness and attempt to explain the inability to not see that which is directly in front of our eyes. The Flicker Paradigm demonstrates the essentiality of attention in the process of seeing (4). The alternation of an object and a modified version of that same object is interrupted by millisecond flashes of blank space. Subjects are then asked to report changes in the images.

In the article review, “Failure to Detect Changes in People During a Real-World Interaction,” Daniel T. Levin of Kent University and Daniel J. Simpson of Harvard university sought to research change blindness, but through a different perspective than previous research. In many previous studies, change blindness was tested through moving images, two-dimensional images on television or computer screens, or even through in-lab tests. Through previous tests on the subject of change blindness, researchers have insinuated that people cannot recognize simple changes in computer stimulated program experimenters due to their retinal capability being hindered by flashing objects on

Many studies and experiments have been conducted to explain why change blindness occurs and in what situations is change blindness more likely to occur. Literature on change blindness is quite extensive, as it is an emerging area in psychology. A number of researchers have conducted experiments into the key areas where change blindness has been found to cause consequential outcomes. These areas include the effects of change blindness on eye witness testimonies, driving ability, and effects on autism. Literature on change blindness places an emphasis on methodology and this literature review will focus primarily on this. According to Simons & Levin (1998) change blindness is the phenomenon that occurs when a person fails to detect large changes between one viewed scene and another. Recent studies show similar findings and evidence as to the original literature into change blindness. As stated by Rensink, 2002 (as cited in Davies & Hone, 2007), change blindness has been the subject of intensive research in recent years beginning with studies in which researchers manipulated the content of abstract scenes.

The phenomenon of blindsight has far reaching implications regarding consciousness, awareness and the "I" function. These studies demonstrate that receiving and interpreting visual inputs is independent of our awareness of that input. Does this imply that there is a separate mechanism of "consciousness" which can be disengaged from our senses? Marcel proposes that this loss of visual consciousness results from the

In previous research, it has been claimed that that ordinary perceivers operate under a grand illusion of perception, and illusion that can be unmasked by change blindness and inattentional blindness. Change blindness and inattentional blindness are phenomena relating to the inability to notice particular stimuli within our visual field, a sort of lapse in our visual system. Change blindness is when a person fails to notice a change within their visual scene because the change occurs during a moment when the intake of visual stimuli is disrupted. Similar to change blindness, inattentional blindness is characterized by the failure to notice a fully visible, but unexpected object because attention is engaged in another object, task, or event. Cohen

On March 2nd 2017, I watched the videos Batman Pt. 1 and Batman Pt. 2 hosted by Alix Spiegel and Lulu Miller which was posted January 22nd 2015 on NPR. These videos are about rats and how people think being smart plays a huge role on rats personalities. The question asked throughout the video is “Do you think the thoughts in your head could influence how that rat moves through space?” Another topic mentioned in the video is people who can see are not sure of how we convey our expectations. Could our expectations help a blind person see? Most believe no way but in these videos it persuades and explains how blind people use the signal detection theory to prove people wrong. Overall, throughout the video it persuades me that blind people can really see if those around them have high expectations for them also. I highly agree that blind people can see if others have high expectations for the blind along with

One might refer seeing to as simply being able to discern visually, while others refer it to as being able to witness event or an object and recall upon it later. Few might even get to the consensus that if a person has not physically witnessed the event he has not “seen” it. However, Oliver Sacks breaks this norm in his book, The Mind’s Eye, published in 2010. Sacks who felt the same in the beginning, contradicts this generalization in his text. He forms an extremely strong opinion for himself and others to follow on for years to come.

Change blindness is the incapacity to detect changes to a visual scene. Over the past decade, many researchers (Simons & Levin, 1997; Simons & Rensink, 2005) have studied and reviewed this phenomena among several experiments. Notably, these studies have given contribution to understand perception, attention, and awareness.

Describe: There is a younger gentlemen giving directions to an elderly gentlemen with white hair. As the young guy was giving directions, two men carrying a door passes right through them. During this time, the man talking to the white haired elderly man switched with another man walking behind the door. The elderly man never noticed that he was talking to a totally different person.This experiment proved that change blindness can also