Dried Malunggay (Moringa Oleifera) Leaves in Ethanol Production

Ethyl ethanoate: Ethyl ethanoate is an ester. Esters are group of organic compounds which have a functional group of –COO-. Esters are liquids that become vapours quickly so they are present in perfumes.

In this part of experiment, alcohol(2ml) and CH3COOH(1ml) will react to produce an ester, the ester's odor can then be compared with that of the ester bank to determine the identity of the ester. This is done by mixing the reagents in the solution with a glass stirring rod and then to further dissolve the solution, it

Generally ethanol is an alcohol found in alcoholic drinks. At 100% concentration, it is pure and a colourless liquid with a strong odour (due to weak Van der Wall forces :D. Ethanol is produced by the fermentation of carbohydrates in yeast cells and is used frequently as a solvent.

Alcoholic beverages are the only consumable products in the U.S. that do not have nutrition labels. Consumers are being kept in the dark about serving size, alcoholic content, calories, carbohydrates, fats, protein, cholesterol and other nutrition information. Alcohol, specifically ethyl alcohol or ethanol, is produced by fermenting the starch or sugar in various fruits and grains. Alcoholic beverages produced by fermentation and distillation include beer that is usually about 4 to 6 % alcohol, wine that is usually 7 to 15% alcohol, and hard liquor which is about 45% alcohol.

The purpose of this experiment is to prepare isopentyl acetate by direct esterification of acetic acid with isopentyl alcohol. After refluxing there is an isolation procedure where excess acetic acid and remaining isopentyl alcohol are easily removed by extraction with sodium bicarbonate and water. The ester is then purified by simple distillation and the IR is then obtained.

A glass jar was obtained and filled with 0.5 cm of the solvent consisting of hexane, ethanol, and ethylacetate. The lid was put on so it could become saturated with vapor.

Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) is a clear, colorless liquid. It is also known as ethyl alcohol, EtOH, and grain alcohol. Ethanol is widely produced by processing grains such as corn or starch and sugar crops. The grain is first milled, then fermented with yeast and different enzymes to turn the grain 's starches into alcohol(EPA). A distillation process then increases the ethanol concentrations, basically the same process a whiskey maker would use to make whiskey. Of course, law mandates that a denaturant is added, making the liquid unsafe for drinking. In the process, waste grain is produced and sold as farm animal feed. Bioethanol, can be made from many types of trees and grasses, but the procedure is much harder. The chemical formula of ethanol is the same whether it is made from starch and sugar-based feedstocks, such as corn grain (widely used in United States), sugar cane (Brazil), or from cellulosic feedstocks (such as wood chips or crop residues). (The Alternative Fuels Data Center)

In this experiment, an unknown alcohol underwent a Fischer Esterification reaction by reacting it with acetic acid as well as sulfuric acid catalyst. The unknown product material was purified through distillation and characterized by analyzing an IR spectrum and determining the density of the product. In addition, the boiling point test was performed to test for an ester. Lastly, the starting material, an unknown alcohol, was determined after finding out the product and examining the IR spectrum for the reactant.

The ethanol production process starts with growing corn, on average an acre of corn yields close to 7,110 pounds of corn that require 140 gallons of fossil fuels to grow through the use of liquid fertilizer and powering machinery (Ethanol Fuel from Corn par. 4). The corn is harvested and transported to an ethanol refinery where it is ground, then water is added to create a mash in which enzymes break down the corn into sugar, afterward the sugar is mixed with yeast and fermented to produce ethanol (Ethanol Fuel: is ethanol par. 9-10). During the process of growing and processing the corn needed to manufacture one gallon of ethanol, it requires 131,000 British Thermal Units (BTU) to generate a gallon of ethanol while a gallon of ethanol produces only 77,000 BTU (Ethanol Fuel from Corn par. 5). The net ratio of energy for ethanol production is undesirable because ethanol has barely over half of the total energy needed to produce ethanol. Other materials can produce ethanol, such as switch grass or wood biomass, however, their energy returns are just as atrocious, needing forty-five percent and fifty-seven percent more energy to produce ethanol than it provides, respectively (Lang par. 5). This net

In chemistry terms, alcohol is any organic compound where a hydroxyl group is bound to a carbon atom, which is has single bonds to three other atoms. The type of alcohol that can be consumed is called Ethanol which is a liquid and psychoactive recreational drugs. If a person drinks Ethanol, or alcohol, it affects the central nervous system, which causes decrease in activity, anxiety, tensions, concentration, and judgement. There are also several cases of memory loss due to heavy drinking that cuts off the supply of oxygen to the brain.

C. We can conclude that it allowed us to determine that anaerobic distillate, wine distillate and ethanol and water yielded a precipitate and that the ethanol was present. This shows that during ethanol fermentation of yeast, water and corn syrup distillate did not form precipitate, thus no ethanol present which demonstrated that distilled corn syrup and water do not allow for fermentation to take place while wine distillate and the ethanol and water combination does indeed produce

In the preparation of Ethanoic acid with Ethanol, 1mL of Ethanol was first placed into a 50mL empty beaker and the odour and properties were observed. The Ethanol was a clear colourless liquid that smelt similar to a permanent marker. In daily life, Ethanol is used in alcohol drinks such as different types of liquors, it’s a solvent for paint, and is one of the important tools to get rid of air pollution from automobiles due to the fact that there is 35% oxygen in Ethanol, and the addition of oxygen to fuels accomplishes complete combustion, thus, minimizing harmful emissions. (Mueller). Nonetheless, Ethanol is miscible in water and could be biodegraded.

A large part of the alternative fuels boom has been a part of civilization for thousands of years: ethanol. The same substance that makes alcoholic beverages intoxicating is also a useful fuel. Ethanol’s potential as a motor fuel has been known since the first internal combustion engines were made; The Ford Model T was able to run on gasoline, ethanol or any mix of the two (Bettelheim 802).

The study of alcohol as an academic experiment can be traced back to the 1700s when J.J. Plenc proposed the chemical identification of poisons (Center for Studies of Law in Action,

Ethanol or as we know as alcohol in our beverages can be made from any fruit or vegetable that performs photosynthesis which produces glucose shown As required as the reactant of the previous equations.