Drop In Crime

The reform from the political era transitioned into the professional era. This era is focused on crime control and was a centralized organization. The main focus was to stay professional, including with the community, therefore the relationship with the community was very distant. Police were to follow the “3 R’s”. The first R is the rapid response to service calls, police must respond to calls quickly. The second R is random patrol, which helped keep crime rates down from a police officer being around at random times. The last R is reactive investigation, investigators must investigate crimes with the intent to solve them. The pitfalls of the professional era were the attitudes of the police were extremely unfriendly and cold toward the citizens. They were basically an enemy to anyone who were not one of them or their family. This attitude did not go well with the people of the

The 1980s and early 90s were home to an extreme wave of criminal activity that swept across much of the country. The dramatic uptick in crime can largely be attributed to the spread of the crack-cocaine epidemic and subsequent “War on Drugs.” New York City, for example, suffered from 2,605 murders and 208,813 burglaries in 1990, at the height of the violence . Much of this criminal activity centered around and affected the poorest individuals in those communities – which often included minorities.

During the twentieth century there was a serious change with the police. These changes came due to investigative commissions, political reform, civil rights movement, modern technologies, and reform by police

The book’s fourth chapter, “Where have All the Criminals Gone?” in particular, includes several subjects the authors acknowledge will “provoke a variety of reactions, ranging from disbelief to revulsion, and a variety of objections” (140). By this point, readers already know the authors’ view that the legalization of abortion in Roe v. Wade caused the drop in crime during the 1990s because this idea first appears on page four. Rather than simply explaining why abortion lowered crime rates, Levitt and Dubner use a chart to introduce seven explanations commonly cited by experts for the sudden drop in crime during the 1990s, then examine the authenticity of each one. The first possible cause is “a fairly uncontroversial one: the strong economy”

When we get into how society and people look at crime, it happens in every city, every neighborhood, people are victims every day, businesses, and even property. Crime dates back since colonization and the rates have varied over time, believe it or not, crime has decreased over the years. As a matter of fact, the United States has been on a decline. The crime rate for the year 2000 was a total of 11,608,072 a declining year in 2015 with a total of 9,225,197. (U.S. Department of Justice)

Since the 1990s and the crime drop, there has been many questions to the reason why. Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner thoroughly looked through the different theories but came to a conclusion that the main reason crime had fallen is abortion (117-145). One of the reasons they discuss is whether or not the increase of incarceration affects the fluctuations in crime rates. Levitt and Dubner suggest that the crime system became relaxed due avoid racism; however, the crime rates then began to rise (122). “Between 1980 and 2000, there was a fifteenfold increase in the number of people sent to prison on drug charges” (Levitt, Dubner 123). The purpose of this review is to evaluate the validity of the incarceration effects on crime rates.

To test the null hypothesis, if the P-Value of the test is less than 0.05 I will reject the null hypothesis.

In chapter 4 the chapter considers a variety of possible explanations for the significant drop in crime and crime rates that occurred in the 1990s. Based on articles that appeared in the country’s largest newspapers, the authors compile a list of the leading, commonly offered explanations. The next step is to systematically examine each explanation and consider whether available data support the explanation. What the authors, in fact, demonstrate is that in all but three cases–increased reliance on prisons, increased number of police, and changes in illegal drug markets–correlation was erroneously interpreted as causation and in some cases, the correlation wasn’t even that strong.

*There are many theories why crime dropped in the 1990s but one of the most interesting ideas is about the effects of exposure to lead on children and their behaviors.*

New York crime grew at an alarming rate from the 1980’s to 1990’s even as early as 1970’s shows increase in crime. Some statistics from New York Law Enforcement Agency Uniform Crime Reports 1960-2009 (www.diastercenter.com): Murders: 1970- 1,444, 1973- 2,020 1976-1,976, 1979-2,092, 1982-2,013, 1985-1,683, 1988-2,244, 1990-2,605, 1998-924. It was said that during those time that when the sun went down the neighbors was infested with gangs and drug dealers and with the most of the crime taken place in Brownville and East New York (Gladewell, 2005). It wasn’t until 1998 that crime had took a sudden decline and dropped 64.4% in Brownville and East New York (Gladwell, 2005). So what brought on the sudden tipping point? Depends on who is asked is where you will get your answer. New York police will tell you that their police strategies dramatically improved, criminologists will tell you that the crack trade and aging of the population is what made that change. Economist will point to the city’s economy improvements over the course of the 1990’s that effected the employment. It would be hard to say that one particular issue is the reason why without being able to take that situation out to see if it had an effect, but with them all, improvements were made and a tipping

Early on in the book you get a taste for the authors’ style of writing. On page 3 is the first time you see the style you get all of the typical things you see throughout the book with the writers’ satirical style and his out of the box theories. On page 3 the authors introduce their theory that crime rate is dropping because a single woman in Texas wants an abortion. The writers first lead you in by telling you about the encourage and widely accepted theory of why crime rate is dropping. The writers pick at this idea a little by saying that nobody even challenge this theory and if it is true then all along we had the power to stop crime from rising and nobody before did or thought of anything to stop crime from ruining our cities and society.

The national crime rate has been dropping for the past several years. Over a 38% drop has been reported since 1993. The drop in the crime rate of America is mainly because of three top reasons. These reasons include the involvement of the community, the offenders of small crimes are being interrogated to come up with leads of larger crimes, and the new computer technology available today.

Crime in Urban America has been around for many years, it is atrocious and there are many reasons why people commit these crimes. Crime is a big issue all around the world and while there is more production of drugs and loss of jobs, the crime rate will continue to increase day by day. While there are many motives that contribute to crime the most obvious causes would be poverty which causes the poor to adapt into a violent and aggressive behavior to which later becomes ingrained into them. The environment where a person grows up in which could consist of gangs that participate in illegal activities. Abuse of drugs or alcohol attribute to crime because people commit abominable crimes while under the influence. The anger that an individual

The mission of this book is to provide a statistical profile of the notable crime decline that started in New York City in the early 1990s and has further well past the of a new century. " The first portion of analysis will focus on three important features of the official

In the 1990s, as crime was continuing to rise at a steady rate, American leaders soon realized they had a crisis on their hands. In response to this, President Bill Clinton released a bill in 1994 aiming to take extreme action in combatting crime. This bill included many actions such as increasing the amount of police officers, more funding for cities’ law enforcement programs, and enforcing