Drug Content Of Spray Dried Powder Samples

Pellets are agglomerates of fine powders or granules of bulk drugs and excipients single most important factor responsible for the proliferation of pelletized products is the popularity of controlled release technology in the delivery of drugs. When the pellets containing active ingredient are administered in-vivo in the form of suspensions, capsules, or disintegrating tablets, they offer significant therapeutic advantages over single unit dosage forms, since pellets

In this experiment, 0.31 g (2.87 mmol) of 2-methylphenol was suspended in a 10 mL Erlenmeyer flask along with 1 mL of water and a stir bar. The flask was clamped onto a hotplate/stirrer and turned on so that the stir bar would turn freely. Based on the amount of 2-methylphenol, 0.957 mL (0.00287 mmol) NaOH was calculated and collected in a syringe. The NaOH was then added to the 2-methylphenol solution and allowed to mix completely. In another 10 mL Erlenmeyer flask, 0.34 g (2.92 mmol) of sodium chloroacetate was calculated based on the amount of 2-methylphenol and placed into the flask along with 1 mL of water. The sodium chloroacetate solution was mixed until dissolved. The sodium chloroacetate solution was poured into the 2-methylphenol and NaOH solution after it was fully dissolved using a microscale funnel.

After allowing the flask to cool to room temperature and cooling on ice, the product was collected and washed with 2-propanol (2ml) into a clean Hirsch funnel and was filtered using vacuum filtration. The triphenylphosphine oxide remained in the propanol solution, and the crystals were dried by drawing air through them. The mass, percentage yield and melting point of the product was obtained. The crystals were stored in a glass vial for next experiment.

When analyzing a blood sample containing drugs, often a normal scale or balance cannot detect the mass of the drugs in the sample due to the small size of the sample. In that case, in order to properly determine the mass of a drug in a sample, it becomes necessary to utilize a mass spectrometer. A mass spectrometer can measure the mass of atomic-sized particles with great accuracy (Jeol, 2006). In forensic toxicology, mass spectrometry can provide scientists with the identity and quantity of a drug in a sample (Christopher Tilson, personal communication, March 19, 21016). Mass spectrometry serves as an exceptionally useful method in the field of forensic drug analysis, as its ability to determine the mass of exceedingly small particles assists in the classification and quantification of drugs in a sample.

Pharmaceutical analysis: It is the interdisciplinary subject and it is derived from various branches of sciences like chemistry,physics, microbiology, nuclear science and electronics which deals with analysis of biological, chemicals, foods, drugs and pharmaceuticals qualitatively and quantitatively.

As society modernizes, so does the food industry, which has moved to mas-produced processed foods that have been linked to growing obesity rates. Along with this, public opinion has shifted on drugs like marijuana, leading to legalization in some areas. Such developments have reinvigorated arguments concerning the government’s role in regulating what Americans consume, whether it should protect the individual or the business. These arguments have lead entertainment outlets such as the show South Park to explore these issues humorously while providing its own stance. South Park offers multiple perspectives on government regulation of both food and drugs that exemplifies the difficulties of such regulations.

The addition of nanoparticles must be more effective in decreasing the dihedral angle and encouraging direct bonding in comparison to micro-particles. In the present research, this phenomenon can be explained as follows: during the sintering process the nanoparticles (Al2O3 and Fe2O3) react with the CaO in matrix leading to the formation some low melting point phase’s in a faster way. Consequently, the capillary force from the wetting liquid eliminate porosity and reduce interfacial area. Since, diffusion rates in liquid are relatively high, this phenomenon results in faster bonding and densification with its corresponding improvement in physical and mechanical properties [14]. Also, For sample contains 3 wt.% Cr2O3 nanoparticles a homogeneous microstructure composed mainly of a well-distributed phases is observed. Using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDX), as a second phase, there are two phases surrounded by the magnesia and calcia ground mass. The first one corresponds to light gray particles composed by Ca and Cr elements, as it was identified by EDS. This phase is a spinel compound found in the XRD analysis and identified as CaCr2O4. The last phase corresponds to bright grey particles composed by Mg and Cr elements (identified by the EDS technique, (Table). From the EDS and XRD analysis, this phase was confirmed

Sumathi Set.al.,(2002); have studied release behavior of drugs from TSP tablets with water soluble and insoluble model drug such as acetaminophen, caffeine, theophylline, salicylic acid and indomethacin. They have concluded that the mechanism of release of soluble drugs was found to be anomalous. The insoluble drug showed near case II or zero order release mechanism. The rate of release was in the decreasing order of caffeine, acetaminophen, theophylline, salicylic acid.

Mean values (n=3) of drug dissolution profiles are as shown in table 36. Standard deviation was not more than 2 in any case. It was observed that after storage of three months in stability chamber, drug release was decreased approximately by 5% while lag time was unaffected. Also for pellets stored at ambient conditions lag time was unaffected and drug release was lowered approximately by 5%.

Areas of around 1 to 5 microns can be imaged by using conventional SEM techniques with a magnifying range from 20x to 30,000x. SEM precision to view can be analyzed by keeping in view a fact that it is cable of analyzing a particular sample point. This methodology can be employed for quantitative determination. SEM is advantageous over traditional microscopic technique. SEM has more deep investigational details as compared to the conventional characterization techniques. SEM has much higher resolution

Oral drug delivery is the simplest and easiest way of administering drugs, Because of the greater stability, smaller bulk, accurate dosage and easy production, solid oral dosages forms have many advantages over other types of oral dosage forms. Therefore, most of the new chemical entities (NCE) under development these days are intended to be used as a solid dosage form that originate an

FT–IR analysis was carried out by to identify any changes at a molecular level between crystallized xylitol crystals. All xylitols were analyzed using a computerized fourier transforms infrared (FT–IR) spectrometer (SPECTRUM–ONE FT–IR, PerkinElmer, Massachusetts, USA) at room temperature. The scanning range was 650–4,000 cm-1 and the resolution was 1 cm-1 resolution. Each sample (several milligrams) was placed on the middle of the sample stage. The handle attached was placed on top of the sample and a force gauge was applied (50 ± 2 bar arbitrary units of the device’s pressure meter) by the top of the arm of the sample stage to make the necessary contact to yield a characteristic spectrum. After obtaining sharp peaks with reasonable intensities, the spectra acquired were the results of

A simple and rapid reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was proposed for simultaneous determination of imipramine hydrochloride and diazepam in pharmaceutical formulations. Elution was done utilizing methanol: water: 0.1%m sodium acetate (30:50:20 v/v/v) mobile phase with Chromosil C18 column in isocratic mode, at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/minute and detection wavelength of 243 nm. The measured retention times for imipramine hydrochloride and diazepam were 3.33±0.02 and 4.64±0.02 minutes, respectively. Validation of the method was established from linearity, robustness and recovery studies. Linearity was measured in the range 5-50 µg/ml for imipramine hydrochloride (r2=0.999) and in the range 2-20 µg/ml for

The equipment used in the deposition of thin films can vary widely depending on what material is being grown. Different deposition techniques affect different material properties, such as: index of refraction, surface roughness, crystallinity, film quality and many others [VLSI, Seshan]. The two main techniques are physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). These techniques are used for different materials and different processes and CVD is the deposition technique this thesis focuses on. These techniques are implemented in different deposition systems with many different features and they have a wide range of applications. After the material is grown, the parameters of the material need to be characterized. This requires a complete understanding of the tools which are being operated. Different tools are necessary to determine the different important parameters of a material such as: reactive ion etchers, ellipsometers, atomic force microscopes, and x-ray diffraction spectroscopes. An inductively coupled plasma reactive ion

One of the advantages of this technique is that, the x-ray sources it employs, which include Al K (1486.6 eV) and Mg K (1253.6 eV) have very narrow x-ray lines below 0.9ev [1]. Therefore, this sources provide a good energy resolution hence making this technique applicable in many areas. Also, the electrons of the elements present in the solid surface are emitted at characteristic energies thus many elements can be identified easily. Moreover, XPS technique allows identification of all chemical states at any given element through quantification of the high resolution peaks [2].