Drug Research Paper

A mixture of opium and alcohol was designed back in 1680. However this formula would not surface and be marketed until the 1900's by the Bayer company in Germany as a method to combat the cough associated along with Tuberculosis. It was also used as a method to treat morphine addictions, that is until it was discovered that heroin itself was extremely

Methadone is a synthetic opioid drug which was first used in World War II for the treatment of pain. Since then, methadone has become a popular choice for treating those addicted to other opioid drugs such as heroin, oxycodone, morphine, and hydrocodone. It is used to reduce dependency and the treatment should help them become clean. Even though, the policy of giving methadone to drug addicts is not a cure, it is a good one. Fortunately, the Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) is a reliable way for those with an opioid addiction to stop and not restart the use of opioids. For many, methadone treatment provides an opportunity to regain balance in both lifestyle and priorities. (“Opiate Addiction and Treatment Resource”). Everyone deserves

Methadone is taken in orally and survives through the digestive system so there is no need to be injected into the patient. It reaches the brain slowly, dampening the “high” that would occur with other routes of administration while also preventing withdrawal symptoms (Heroin, 2014). The advantages of using methadone for heroin addicts are its comparatively low cost and long half-life. According to the Center for Disease Control, methadone helps to restore a degree of normalcy to brain function and behavior, resulting in increased employment rates and lower risk of HIV and other diseases and criminal behavior (Methadone Maintence Treatment, 2002). However, there are a variety of different effective treatments that are available for heroin addiction, including both behavioral therapies and medications. Heroin addicts should be place on less addictive medications like Burenorphine before being placed on Methadone. Buprenorphine, overall, is safer than methadone, and it is easier for an addict to stop buprenorphine than to detox from methadone (Heroin,

The health issues listed here are just a glance at what this drug can do to one’s health.

By 1919, Japan started producing methamphetamine which was cheaper and more potent than amphetamine. It was produced in a crystalline powder form and was able it to be dissolved in water, making it easier for it to be injected. This form of amphetamine is still legally produced in the US and is being sold under the name of Desoxyn. (Montgomery County Sheriff’s Office, 2010, para. 1-3)

During World War II, the United States and our allies cut off Germany’s opium supply. As a result, German scientists developed methadone in 1937 as an attempt to develop a synthetic opioid that could be created with readily available precursors in order to solve Germany’s opium shortage. These scientists were working for I.G. Farbenindustrie AG at the Farbwerke Hoechst. Upon completion of the war, Farbwerke Hoechst was required by the U.S. Department of Commerce to relinquish all patents, trade names, and research records. In 1947, the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association gave the drug its generic name “methadone”. As the patent rights of “methadone” were no longer protected, any pharmaceutical company interested in the product could invest with ease. In 1947, Eli Lilly and Company became the first pharmaceutical company to introduce methadone into the United

Some of the dependence people would do to take methamphetamine is having more time. One addict took meth so he can work 24 hours a day up to two weeks. Taking meth can have serious side effects like severe depression and inability to eat or sleep. The body also gets affected; one of the affects is called meth mouth. The teeth starts to deteriorates due to grind and the chemicals, which wear away the enamel and the gums, the salivary glands dry out which causes the teeth rots and decay. The appeal of methamphetamine is that it gives the brain high levels of dopamine. They contend to use the drug because of the high levels of dopamine and it’s hard to get off the drug.

Three decades later, a pharmacologist named Akira Ogata synthesized methamphetamine hydrochloride – Desoxyn – via reduction of ephedrine using red phosphorus and iodine. During World War II, a Berlin-based Temmler pharmaceutical company sold methamphetamine in tablet form under the brand name, Pervitin, and became colloquially known among the German troops as “Stuka-Tablets” and “Herman-Göring-Pills”. It was used extensively by the German armed forces for its performance-enhancing stimulant effects and to induce extended wakefulness. Later, Obetrol Pharmaceutricals patented a treatment for obesity in 1950s, one of the first brands of pharmaceutical methamphetamine products. It became a popular diet pill in American in the 1950s and 1960s; however, as the addictive properties of the drug became known, governments began to control the production and distribution of meth. During the early 1970s, meth became a schedule II controlled substance under the Controlled Sbustance At and is now only sold under the name Desoxyn, which is trademarked to the Italian pharmaceutical company

After WWII, what became known as “Shabu” or amphetamine became largely available in Japan. This occurred because the Japanese military no longer utilized drug. In 1951 Shabu became largely available in Japan. This occurred because the Japanese Ministry of Health banned. The banning of the drug is thought to have contributed to the overproduction of methamphetamine in Japan. Even today, crystal meth is strongly associated with the Japanese underworld and has a strong social taboo associated with it. In the 1950’s methamphetamine became a more commonly prescribed as a drug.

Methamphetamine has been around since the late 19th century. It wasn’t until the WW2that the drug was used by German soldiers as a stimulant in the drug Pervitin, for its performance enhancing and to extend wakefulness. Now the drug is used mostly for recreational purposes for its increase to a person libido and euphoric high.

As I have mentioned, inhaled nitric oxide, epoprostenol, iloprost, and sildenafil are the common treatment for pulmonary hypertension that I would encounter in the hospital where I am currently employed. Nitric oxide and iloprost are administered through inhalation, epoprostenol by continuous intravenous infusion, and sildenafil is taken orally. The main advantage of inhaled route for the treatment of PH is the direct delivery of drug to the target organ thus, reducing the systemic side effects (Hill, Preston, & Roberts, 2015). It also improves the gas exchange by dilating the vessels supplying the ventilated areas (Hill et al., 2015).

Currently in America we have the luxury of having large chains of retail pharmacies across the country, providing consumers with the ability to easy access to over the counter medication and granting them larger freedom to self-medicate. In an article by the Consumer Healthcare Products Association a survey done in America was cited in which 73% of the participants claimed that they would rather self-medicate rather than see an actual healthcare provider for their opinion on the matter, and that 96% believed that they make the correct choices when it comes to the medications they choose to treat themselves (CHPA). With self-medication and the prevalence of OTC drugs continuing to expand, it is important that pharmacists who work in retail settings

Many companies that sell food should always provide details on ingredients and warning labels for food allergens because this helps promote the health claims being made as well as protecting the consumers from any health risks. How do the FDA and government support consumers when they feel food labels are misleading or even false? The United States Government Accountability Office indicates that, “FDA’s Office of Regulatory Affairs carries out food safety and labeling compliance inspections and enforcement activities. When the office identifies a labeling violation, FDA may send a warning letter a notice that an enforcement action may be forthcoming if corrections are not made or, for a less serious violation, an untitled letter communicating

The widespread use of the drug LSD was formally introduced by Albert Hofmann, a well known chemist that was working in the Sandoz Pharamaceutical around 1938, in hopes of creating a blood stimulant. The stimulant however, had hallucinogenic effects in which were discovered until 1943 when Hofmann aciddentally consumed LSD. Finding that an oral dose of little as twenty-five micrograms is capable of producing hallucinations.

The use and manufacturing of methamphetamines was intended to have a positive effect on the 20th century as a treatment for ailments such as obesity, depression, and ADHD but ended up having a negative effect due to overuse and abuse of the drug. Methamphetamines and their various strands have had a negative effect on the 20th century and still affects America today. Not only does the drug have destructive short-term effects on the body, it also has many long-term effects. Abusers of this substance become easily hooked, and it is not easy to recover from a meth addiction. Due to meth 's high addiction rate, large numbers of people try it once and cannot quit, therefore negatively affecting not only their own lives, but on the lives of