Dsm-5 Classification

According to the Diagnostic Statistic Manual 5 (DSM-5) substance use disorder is when the individual has a dependency on alcohol or drug, followed by penetrating craving and antisocial behavior to acquire the substance. The terms substance abuse and substance dependence refer to substance use disorder, which has been separated into three classifications as follows

“Substance use disorders” or “substance-related disorders” are intended synonymously and are used interchangeably when referring to the broad category of addiction to psychoactive substances. Additionally, the word “drug” should be considered in the context in which it appears and can refer to alcohol specifically and/or other psychoactive substances such as cocaine or heroin etc. Again, this is because of the large overlap within the broader category of substance use and the high prevalence of polysubstance use. For the sake of clarity, “drug” as used in North America to generally refer to any illicit or controlled substance has been avoided. Instead, “medication” will be used to denote a prescribed substance used to treat physical symptoms. However, many legally prescribed medications (such as morphine) can and are abused and have addictive quality, making them just as devastating as “street drugs” or alcohol (Compton & Volkow, 2006).

The DSM–5 incorporates the two DSM–IV syndromes, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence, into one disorder - alcohol use disorder (AUD). AUD has sub-classifications of minor, moderate, and severe. A person who meets one or more of the criteria for abuse within a 12-month period would receive the “abuse” diagnosis. Anyone with three or more of the “dependence” criteria (see items 5 through 11) during the same 12-month period would receive a “dependence” diagnosis ( American

The statistics and facts above have demonstrated that removing Asperger’s Disorder from the DSM-5, as a mental health diagnosis, negatively affects an entire population of people, referred to as Aspies. The underlying issue is the power the DSM-5 manual has on overall mental health to determine identities, diagnosis, treatment health and mental health services, educational services and more. One DSM change has power to affect an entire population of people with developmental disabilities. It is important to understand how this affects our society as a whole by examining how this problem affects family, religion, government, and economy.

The DSM diagnostic process can be broken down into six essential steps. Step one consists of ruling out Malingering and Factitious Disorder. Step two entails ruling out a substance etiology. Step three involves ruling out an etiological medical condition. Step four consists of determining the specific primary disorder(s). Step five comprises differentiating Adjustment Disorder from the residual Other Specified and Unspecified conditions. Step six involves establishing the boundary with no mental disorder. These six steps provide a diagnostic framework for clinicians to diagnose clients accurately.

As with all previous diagnostic manuals, the DSM-5 (APA, 2013) aims to provide a ‘common language’ for describing psychopathology in order to provide the best patient care for both the individuals. As useful as this manual has been in the past, worries have expressed with regards to future direction that psychiatry is moving towards following the many updates and additions made to the diagnostic criteria within the DSM-5 it has been argued “when does psychological suffering become an illness?”. The purpose of this writing is to critically discuss the necessity of a diagnosis from two stand points, firstly critiquing the negative impacts of a diagnosis for an individual and secondly the implications of a diagnosis at a professional level, the research presented points towards a diagnosis is becoming less necessary in today’s society. Lastly the future of psychiatry will be discussed to show how if diagnostic criteria becomes more scientific based then there may be more benefits

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual V (DSM 5) describes the essential feature of a substance use disorder as a cluster of cognitive, behavioral and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-related problems. Specifically, the DSM V describes diagnostic criteria as a problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress. Mr. Holliday manifested the following:

Other substance/medication-induced disorders are disorders that develop as a direct result of drug use. It must occur within one month of a person engaging in drug use. It must be identified that these disorders did not develop until a person engaged in drug use and no longer remain once a person is no longer engaging in that particular drug. The exclusions to this criterion is substance-induced neurocognitive disorders or hallucinogen persisting perception

Justification for diagnosis: The client presents with symptoms and behaviors that are consistent with the DSM-5 diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder. Based on the information provided, this client met criteria A, numbers 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7. She also met criteria B and C. Client presents with symptoms and behaviors that are consistent with a DSM-5 diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder as evidenced by her history of symptoms of conduct disorder that began in early adolescence and involves a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others are violated. These patterns of behavior have continued into adulthood.

A “Substance Use Disorder” is new to the DSM-5. Previously, the terms “abuse” and “dependence” where used instead. In general, the DSM-5 considers a Substance Use Disorder to be recurrent drug use that causes impairment and continued use despite substance use related problems. The DSM-5 also focuses on how substance use causes a change in brain functioning. The change is primarily responsible for intense drug cravings, as well as repeated relapses. Finally, the DSM-5 divides the criteria for Substance Use Disorder into four groupings: impaired control (Criteria 1-4), social impairment (Criteria 5-7), risky use (Criteria 8 and 9), and pharmacological criteria (Criteria

Next, the provisional diagnosis was formulated by giving Miguel assessment measures such as the WHODAS 2.0 for adults, the Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure, and the Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity. In addition, WHODAS 2.0 for adults will allow the counselor to assess the severity of the client’s disability (APA, 2013, p. 746). The Clinical-Rated Dimension of Psychosis Symptom Severity will help the counselor to analyze the severity of symptoms and may assist in the treatment process (APA, 2013, p. 742). Outside of work, no other problems have been mentioned because of the use of alcohol (APA, 2013). The counselor should also learn more about Miguel’s social life

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of DSM-IV TR, as well as new changes for DSM-V.

Substance-related disorders have a broad range of classifications contained in the most recent DSM-V. “The substance-related disorders encompass 10 separate classes of drugs: alcohol; caffeine; cannabis; hallucinogens; inhalants; opioids; sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics; stimulants (amphetamine-type substances, cocaine, and other stimulants); tobacco; and other (or unknown) substances” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The different substances are listed as separate categories on the diagnostic tools and each individual substance is given a level of dependency from mild, moderate, and severe. The DSM-V description goes on to say that “the pharmacological mechanisms by which each class of drugs produces reward are different, but the drugs typically activate the system

DSM-IV criteria for substance dependence include several specifiers, one of which outlines whether substance dependence is with physiologic dependence (evidence of tolerance or withdrawal) or without physiologic dependence (no evidence of tolerance or withdrawal). In addition, remission categories are classified into four subtypes: (1) full, (2) early partial, (3) sustained, and (4) sustained partial; on the basis of whether any of the criteria for abuse or dependence have been met and over what time frame. The remission category can also be used for patients receiving agonist therapy (such as methadone maintenance) or for those living in a controlled, drug-free environment.Tolerance, as defined either by the need for increasing amounts of

While reviewing the article Diagnosing for Status and Money, Summary of the Critique of the DSM, a few things seemed to jump off the page. The DSM-5 while a well written and no longer intimidating to me appears to have a slant towards managed care organizations vice actual counselors. Having a manual that provides simplistic codes universally used between doctors that treat physical ailments and those who treat psychological ailments is critical; however, the focus must always be the patient. The text contains subjective qualifiers which provides the counselor the ability to use multiple diagnosis, either over diagnosing or underdiagnosing. The DSM-5 appears to provide care from a medication management prospective over psychotherapy