Dual And Integrated Responsive Rhodamine Derivative And Its Photochromic Enhancement Behavior Essay

[3] Song, K., Kuzmany, H., Wallraff, G. M., Miller, R. D., & Rabolt, J. F. (1990). Spectroscopic characterization of piezochromism in poly (alkylsilanes): poly (di-n-hexylsilane). Macromolecules, 23(16), 3870-3872.

One of the most important things organic chemists do is synthesize new and complex structures from simpler structures by chemical reactions. The techniques done in

Brown, T. et.al. (2012). Chemistry: The Central Science. 12th ed. United States of America: Pearson Education, Inc.

Polypyrrole is poorly crystalline, with crystalline regions randomly oriented and the polymer chains lying with the pyrrole rings coplanar to the surface . Actually polypyrrole obtained so far

The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize two organic dyes then observe their effective dye strength on various synthetic and natural materials. This was achieved by means of chemical reactions outlined below, heat to increase the reaction rate, ice baths to precipitate out the product, vacuum filtration to isolate the product, washing with water and 95% ethanol to purify the product, and dying of the clothe to observe dye effectiveness. The test of the effectiveness of the dye required that the fabric absorb one wavelength and then reflect the opposing color, and then be able to keep the color through basic washing. The presence of the dye on the fabric can be caused by ionic interaction, hydrogen bonding, covalent bonding, or simply

The highly conjugated system of the cyanine dyes makes it a very good compound in the development of more efficient solar cells. In this experiment, the maximum wavelength was measured for nine dyes using a UV-Vis spectrum. The result that were obtained agreed with Kuhn’s model for the less polarizable end groups such as 3,3 '-diethyloxadicarbocyanine and 3,3 '-diethyloxatricarbocyanine. That suggested that these two compounds were not as easy to polarize compared to the rest of the dyes. The rest of the dyes required the use of the empirical parameter α to provide more reliable predictions of the wavelengths. This was due to the highly polarized ends of the dyes which needed the adjustment of the parameter to get more accurate results. The series with the higher polarizable end groups’ absorbed higher wavelength light than the less polarized groups. This supported the idea of the one-dimensional box. Also, higher wavelength was determined to be associated with longer conjugated carbon methine chains between the Nitrogen atoms. Kuhn’s free electron model was very reliable for this system.

The Diels-Alder step is the “bottleneck” of previous synthetic strategies due to its wasteful reaction and low yield. Our synthetic strategy was able to produce the scaffold using the Diels-Alder reaction and high yield. This is due to the added solubility of the non-functional anthracene. Unfortunately, our total yield is lowered due to the alkylation of the scaffold. Reproducing the 98% yield will further increase our total yield and goal. In the future, optimizing the alkylation step is necessary to reach the previously reported yield. The next step in the synthesis is brominating the scaffold, which will allow different functional groups to be added using metal catalysis. Sonagashira will be used to add different functional groups. Since our strategy allows us to add functionality at the end with no “bottleneck” reaction, Pentiptycene can be synthesized in higher quantity without wasting material. Optimizing this synthesis will further the study of pentiptycene as novel material for molecular machinery, polymers, and porous

Nanoparticles encapsulated photosensitizers offer several distinct advantages over free photosensitizing molecules, which include high drug loading, increased accumulation of the photosensitizer in the target cells, and inhibiting the target cell’s ability to pump out the photosensitizers [31]. Further, incorporation in the nanoparticles can protect photosensitizers from inactivation in biological environments [32]. In this study, the nanoparticles are formulated using anionic surfactant docusate sodium (aerosol OT, AOT) and a naturally occurring polysaccharide polymer sodium alginate. It has been reported that, besides improving the cellular uptake of encapsulated photosensitizers, AOT-alginate nanoparticles significantly enhanced ROS yield of photosensitizers [33]. The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vitro photodynamic efficacy of MB and TB-loaded AOT-alginate nanoparticles against both planktonic and biofilm phases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and their mixed culture. In addition, the in vitro photobactericidal efficacy of nanoparticles encapsulated dyes was compared with the respective free dyes. Our results demonstrate that the AOT-alginate nanoparticles did not improve the in vitro photodynamic efficacy of the encapsulated dyes under experimental conditions.

Fundamental physical measurements and basic analytical and spectroscopic techniques, along with computational modeling and simulations, will be implemented to study structure, function, and mechanics of these self-assembled and/or chemically synthesized bioinspired materials and organic-inorganic hybrid architectures. As my research program develops at the interface of biophysics10 and nanoscience,11 I would devote my efforts to the use of these self-organized soft materials for designing biosensors and stimuli-responsive smart materials.12–14 Computational tools15,16,17 will guide the molecular design and help to predict the structural and functional properties of these bioinspired materials and hybrid nanoscale assemblies for potential biomedical5,18 and biophysical applications. 19–21

Radium paint used zinc sulfide phosphor, usually trace metal doped with copper (for green light), silver (blue-green), and more rarely copper-magnesium (for yellow-orange light). The phosphor degrades relatively fast and the dials lose luminosity in several years to a few decades, despite the long half-life of the Ra-226 isotope (~1600 years); clocks and other devices available from antique shops and other sources therefore are not luminous any more, though they are still radioactive and can be identified with a Geiger

The HDI/PCN/BD stoichiometric ratio for the synthesis of the final polymer was kept as 4:3:1. The polymer solution was passed through a Teflon filter in order to

The selection of the benzidine and o-phenylenediamine monomers for polymerization, is to form the corresponding potential poly(benzidine-co-o-phenylenediamine) emeraldine base which obviously, comprise of a particular quantity of the surface amino groups, supporting the binding of organic units that have acidic features with the composite surface [2-3]. For example, thyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, and doxorubicin have been revealed that the nanoparticles are promising as drug carriers [2-3] or antibacterial reagents [ ].

The spin probes, 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine-1-oxyl (carbamoyl-PROXYL), 3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine-1-oxyl (carboxy-PROXYL), 3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine-1-oxyl (MC-PROXYL) were purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA and their deuterated nitroxyl radicals were synthesized as described earlier

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Thin film of bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) oxalate (DNPO) in PMMA (62%) containing 1% rodamine 6G (R6G) was spin coated from acetone solution at room temperature. The chemiluminescence measurement was done by placing the freshly prepared thin film over a vapor of 1% H2O2 in ethyl acetate.