Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)

Listener Relevance: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), is more common than people think and chances are sooner or later you will know of or see somebody affected by this disease.

According to Lewis and associates, DM is a chronic disease that affects multiple body systems. For the purpose of this paper, only DM type 2 will be discussed based

Individuals who inherit this disease will have a rapid progression of symptoms. Walking becomes difficult and skeletal contractures and muscle atrophy follows. They also usually need wheelchairs by adolescence. Half of the receivers of the disease unfortunately develop some form of mental retardation and most never make it past their teenage years. Currently, options for a treatment of muscular dystrophy are limited. Physical therapy may slow down the progression of deformities. Such devices as wheel chairs, crutches, or secondary orthopedic limbs may permit mobility. There are also a few medications that can help relieve pain and stiffness in the muscles. The Muscular Dystrophy Association, the Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy Research and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh helped fund a research project for the disease. The research, carried out by Johnny Huard, Ph.D., is looking fairly successful. Scientists are isolating special

Duchenne muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is the most common out of nine types of muscular dystrophy. This genetic disorder causes progressive muscular weakness, and deterioration due to the lack of a protein called Dystrophin. This protein keeps the muscles in tack, so when it's missing, the muscles slowly break down. (MDA, 2015)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is defined as a chronic form of dystrophy that is caused by a mutated gene. This essay critically discusses Duchenne muscular dystrophy as a whole, including all the symptoms, causes as well as treatment.

Ben has Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). DMD is a degenerative disease of the muscles. When someone has this disease their muscles do not produce enough dystrophin to stay together. This causes the muscles to deteriorate over time. With proper care, the rate of muscle degradation can be slowed down. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. Muscle weakness can start as early as age three. It first affects the hips, pelvic area, thighs, and shoulders. This disease is still fatal and will be until further studies and research are done to find ways to cure this disease.

This rare disease affects 1 in 3,500- 6,000 males. A key indicator a child has Duchenne is muscle weakness. This means a child may have difficulty getting up after sitting down and difficulty walking. Often times kids with Duchenne are walk on there toes and can

According to the MediLexicon Medical Dictionary, muscular dystrophy is defined as a general term for a number of hereditary, progressive degenerative disorders affecting skeletal muscles, and often other organ systems (Staff). Basically what that means is that muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder that is passed down that affects the skeletal muscles and other organs by slowly breaking them down. Since it is genetic, it is not contagious and you cannot catch it from someone who has it. MD weakens muscles over time, so children, teens, and adults who have the disease can gradually lose the ability to do the things most people take for granted, like walking or sitting up. Someone with MD might start having muscle problems as a baby or

Facioscapulohumeral (FSHD) muscular dystrophy- begins among a variety of ages, most commonly the teenage years, but can also begin in adolescence or adulthood. Begins muscle deterioration usually in the face or the shoulders. A sure sign someone is suffering from the FSHD form of muscular dystrophy is that raising their arms will result in their shoulder blades bulging out, similar to

Usually once atrophy of the hip musculature is noticed, shoulder weakness in noticed also. Those inflicted with DMD will also have trouble with overhead activates, and keeping the shoulders flexed for long periods of time. Scott M. Giles actually lists the following muscles affected by DMD: “Shoulder girdle musculature, pectorals, deltoids, rectus abdominals, gluteals, hamstrings, and calf muscles” 6. DMD patients continue to lose control and strength in their lower extremity musculature and eventually have so much trouble walking they are confined to a wheelchair. There is not a set age where this occurs, but the average is around twelve years old. The DMD muscles involved in eating, drinking, and of the eye are not touched by the disease. They usually do not have any hearing deficits or stroke disorders 1.

muscular dystrophy has many forms and therefore symptoms can vary between the variations. Overall symptoms include the weakening of skeletal muscles and the defect and death muscle tissues. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common and affects young boys such as Eddie.

The use of creditable and appropriate resources is important for educators because all internet should be adept at critically evaluating information (Rankin, Stallings & London, 2005, p.380). To ensure that information is unbiased, accurate, and up to date and clear to the reader the educator should evaluate each resource that is going to be used (Rankin, et al., 2005, p. 280). Muscular dystrophy is a group of diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass (Muscular Dystrophy Canada, 2015). The Muscular Dystrophy Canada has developed a web page available for those effected by muscular dystrophy and their caregivers. It is located at the web address www.muscle.ca. Information on this site

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy shows its first symptoms in a boy’s early childhood, usually in preschool. The weaknesses of the skeletal and muscular systems start in the pelvis and progress

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a sex-linked disease, which is inherited in a recessive fashion (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2013). Over thirty similar genetic disorders exist (Duchenne Foundation Australia, 2015). All types of muscular dystrophy are considered to be a rare disorder (Duchenne Foundation Australia, 2015). Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is most common in children and causes muscle weakness and wasting, which commonly begins in the lower limbs (Duchenne Foundation Australia, 2015; National Human Genome Research Institute, 2013). The disease itself is caused by changes to the DMD gene, which is responsible for providing instructions regarding the creation of the dystrophin protein in one’s muscles (Duchenne Foundation Australia, 2015). This protein is responsible for protecting muscles from damage, and without it the cells of a person’s muscles deteriorate and symptoms of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy are exhibited (Duchenne Foundation Australia, 2015). The disease results from changes in the DMD gene, or other genetic changes in a child (Duchenne Foundation Australia, 2015).

Children who have DMD have mobility problems and are usually wheel chair dependent between ages 4 to 10. Overtime, the loss of dystrophy can lead to cardiomyopathy due the degeneration of the heart muscle. Muscles on the lungs and diaphragm can also weaken which can lead to poor respiratory health. This can lead to “shallow and labored breathing and a build-up of mucus and bacteria. As a result, children with DMD are prone to severe chest infections” (Pearce, 2012). The decrease of oxygen in the blood can affect sleep and can lead to difficulty in concentrating and staying