Dugesia Group Structure

1. Many experiments were conducted during the 1950s and 1960s with chick embryos and they showed that two patches of tissue essentially controlled the development of the pattern of bones inside limbs.  Describe at

Martini, Frederic, Judi L. Nath, and Edwin F. Bartholomew.Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology. 9th ed. San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings, 2012. Print.

Martini, F. H., Nath, J. L., and Bartholomew, E. F. “The Musclar System.” Anatomy & Physiology.

This article studies the ability of regeneration possessed by the planaria. Morgan (1898) observes in different methods how the planaria are cut into smaller pieces, and then he observes the pieces to see if the planaria will regenerate. When the planaria are cut near the head, the pieces do not appear to regenerate, and the pieces cut too small also do not possess the ability to regenerate (Morgan, 1898). Pieces cut from the middle and the end piece of the planaria, however, have shown results of respawning from within the old tissue. When the author tried to fuse two sampled pieces together, he observed that the pieces formed a union (Morgan, 1898). However, the fusion did not last long, and the pieces died long after fusing together (Morgan, 1898). It is likely that the samples were not able to complete the regeneration after the union emerged. I will be able to use this report for my lab report as a reference to the process of taking samples from a live planaria, sampled from the likely

* 3 to 5 times more inclined to get growth of the mouth, neck and3 to 10 times

At C5-6, there is a posterior disc bulging with a more focal disc protrusion just to the right of midline posteriorly. This focal disc protrusion produces impingement on the ventral surface of the thecal sac. T2 hyperintensity in the posterior annulus is compatible with an annular fissure. At C6-7, there is mild posterior

Before starting the observations, the planarians had to be cut into sections using a scalpel, in this case, they were cut into three. To make them easier to cut, the were chilled on ice to slow them down.The flatworms were then put into separate labelled petri dishes, where they were then placed in a cool and dark area. After a few days, the worms grew and were easier to observe. From this lab, it can be concluded that planarians will regenerate no matter how they were cut. Wormy and Wormy 2.0, were both trisected transversely and were thought to grow into six new planarians, three coming from each worm, and one of them possessing two heads. The results observed for Wormy fully supported the hypothesis, and the three new planarians had a head,

C. Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater. First is the dura mater and the arachnoid mater is right against it. After those are punctures, the pia mater would be

2.43 at the first day to 0.88 μg/1 g tissue at the end of the end of the

To gather our information, we set up a pendulum and raised its height to 70 cm. In the wake of doing this we joined the string to the highest point of the pendulum and

No not everyone’s planaria grew back in the same way. Two groups had full regeneration, seven groups had some regeneration and one group had a mass death. My planaria was in the majority of regeneration. Our result was one new planaria. Some of the things that might have affected the group with the mass death is not having a clean blade to cut the planaria with or there being too much light or their water being too cold because they were near an open window. For the groups that had full regeneration their water temperature was not to warm and not too cold. Their blades could have had remnants of other planaria but the planaria on the blade were healthy. The planaria that only reproduced one planarian could have had a good water temperature

Three replicates of three specimens produced 18 separate fragments. However, only 6 anterior fragments and 7 posterior fragments survived. Pairing is necessary for analysis of the anterior versus posterior ratios to standardize the measurements. The planarians were kept in petri dishes with water that was not changed from the day of the cut to the final measurements a week later, and there was no feeding. Growth was measured using image J and key structures. The key structure looked at for the anterior fragments was the point of the tail indicating that the wound was healed. The key structures looked at for the posterior fragments were ocilli (eyespots), a pharynx and auricles (sensory lobes).

The motion of the mandible during mastication is a three-dimensional, complex motion, which has been described as having the shape of a teardrop or a pear (8) (Insert Figure_5.jpg). When the motion is traced in the frontal plane during a single chewing stroke, this analogy becomes clear. During the opening phase, the mandible is depressed vertically, where the lower incisor is nearly perpendicular to the dental occlusal plane (21,24) with inter-incisal gapes reaching 17–20 mm. On the closing phase, the incisor region typically latero deviates about 5 mm from the midline, and then moves medially as the food bolus engaged (26-28). The mandibular condyles’ lateral translation is about 0.4–0.6 mm during chewing (27,28). As the mandible continues

The fossils were found at the end of a series of chambers and narrow chutes deep in the ground, located 30 meters under the surface and nearly 90 meters

The scapula in the present work exhibited numerous forms of variation regarding the acromion process, suprascapular region, superomedial angle as well as the medial and lateral borders.